The universe of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) includes nearly 9,000 products worldwide, ranging from sophisticated and tactical funds to rather vanilla index funds tied to tried-and-true benchmarks.
Among the latter, few are more popular than S&P 500 ETFs.
The Standard & Poor's 500 Index is one of the stock market's most widely followed benchmarks because it's comprehensive, diversified and fairly easy to understand.
The S&P 500 tracks the shares of 500 large, predominantly U.S-domiciled companies that trade on the major American exchanges. That's it.
It's next to impossible for average investors to perfectly replicate the S&P 500's exposure by purchasing shares in each of the index's 500 firms.
Enter ETFs — simple, cost-effective vehicles that allow investors to "buy the index" with the push of a button.
Even Berkshire Hathaway (BRK.B) CEO Warren Buffett believes most investors should just buy and hold an S&P 500 fund.
Buffett bought two such funds for the Berkshire Hathaway equity portfolio in 2019, and he raised the topic up at his company's annual shareholder meeting in 2021, saying, "I recommend the S&P 500 index fund and have for a long, long time."
When a world-class stock-picker tells even well-heeled investors in his own company to stop picking stocks and simply buy and hold the S&P, small investors should take notice and follow this advice.
If you're interested in doing just that, here are seven S&P 500 ETFs to consider.
While some of the funds on this list of the best ETFs provide direct exposure to the major market index, others provide interesting twists that make them mainstays of more active tactical investors and even traders.
Data are as of May 21. Dividend yields represent the trailing 12-month yield, a standard measure for equity funds.
SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust
- Assets under management: $598.1 billion
- Expenses: 0.095%, or $9.50 annually on every $10,000 invested
- Dividend yield: 1.3%
The SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY, $582.86) is not just the biggest S&P 500 ETF. It's the largest exchange-traded fund, period. It's also the first U.S.-listed ETF, launched at the beginning of 1993.
This ETF has approximately $600 billion in assets under management (AUM) and has long been the most liquid and popular vehicle to play the U.S. stock market.
Although SPY is quite popular, it's certainly not the lowest-cost ETF tracking the S&P 500, with a gross expense ratio of 0.095%. That's three times as much as some of the S&P 500 ETFs on this list.
Why do some investors choose to pay more?
For starters, 0.095% adds up to a mere $9.50 a year on every $10,000 invested, so that's not exactly breaking the bank.
Furthermore, SPY continues to be the go-to vehicle for large institutional traders seeking to put on big positions.
In these circles, the liquidity risk that comes with trading a product that doesn't have as much volume is a much bigger concern than a small difference in annual fees.
If you're not a Wall Street titan, then you have different priorities. In other words, SPY might not be the perfect solution for buy-and-hold investors.
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iShares Core S&P 500 ETF
- Assets under management: $577.1 billion
- Expenses: 0.03%
- Dividend yield: 1.4%
The iShares Core S&P 500 ETF (IVV, $585.67) was launched in 2000 by the iShares family of funds run by asset-management giant BlackRock (BLK).
Like SPY, IVV is large and liquid, with more than $575 billion in assets under management, and is one of the top ETFs of any flavor.
It also boasts a bargain-basement 0.03% expense ratio, making it one of Kiplinger's favorite cheap ETFs.
As with its peers, holdings and overall performance are the same. That performance has been stellar since the March 2020 lows.
On a total return basis (price plus dividends), IVV is up 183% since March 23, 2020, and has generated an 11% total return in the past 12 months.
By comparison, the tighter 30-stock portfolio of the Dow Jones Industrial Average has produced a 147% return since the 2020 bottom and is up 7% in the past year.
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Invesco S&P 500 Equal Weight ETF
- Assets under management: $71.9 billion
- Expenses: 0.20%
- Dividend yield: 1.7%
While a relatively simple and effective index of domestic stocks, the S&P 500 is not without its drawbacks.
Perhaps the most obvious is that it's weighted by market capitalization, meaning the biggest stocks make up the biggest share of the index.
Specifically, roughly 36% of the S&P 500's weight is concentrated in its top 10 holdings.
Since those holdings are predominantly large U.S. tech stocks, you won't be surprised to find that the sector is over-represented: S&P 500 ETFs such as SPY allocate more than 33% of their assets to tech stocks at present.
Financials (14%), consumer discretionary (11%) and health care stocks (10%) are also well represented. On the other hand, utility stocks, real estate and materials make up less than 3% of the index's weight.
Many investors might already have a significant stake in technology companies, either through owning individual stocks or other tech-heavy funds.
Similarly, some investors might want more exposure to defensive sectors such as consumer staples.
Whatever your needs, if the S&P 500's lopsided constitution isn't for you, consider the Invesco S&P 500 Equal Weight ETF (RSP, $175.59) as an alternative.
The RSP equally weights every stock in the S&P 500, then rebalances every quarter to ensure a fairly equal distribution of weight across all 500 companies it holds.
That means at the start of any given quarter, $3 trillion Apple (AAPL) would have the same impact on the fund as $6 billion flooring company Mohawk Industries (MHK), which would round out the bottom of traditional S&P 500 ETFs.
This doesn't mean you'll get a perfect sector balance, however. While each stock is equally weighted, the S&P 500 holds different numbers of stocks from different sectors.
At the moment, technology is the largest sector allocation of RSP at 17% of assets, followed by industrials at just below 15%. Meanwhile, the smallest weightings go to energy (4%) and basic materials (4%).
The Invesco S&P 500 Equal Weight ETF is well established at about $72 billion in assets, and the RSP has held its own against the broad market in recent years, up 166% on a total-return basis since the March 2020 bottom.
Note that, at 0.20% in annual expenses, it's pricier than the plain-vanilla S&P 500 ETFs.
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SPDR Portfolio S&P 500 ETF
- Assets under management: $68.1 billion
- Expenses: 0.02%
- Dividend yield: 1.4%
In 2019, State Street Global Advisors recognized the difference between institutional traders and smaller "retail" investors.
While also acknowledging some investors' preference for SPY's lower-cost competitors, State Street decided to offer a look-alike S&P 500 fund and converted an existing large-cap ETF into the SPDR Portfolio S&P 500 ETF (SPLG, $68.57).
The big difference — aside from the fact that assets under management total just $68 billion — is that the fee is much less than SPY's at 0.02% annually, or a measly $2 per year on every $10,000 invested.
The holdings are exactly the same and in exactly the same proportion — 504 stocks representing 500 of the largest U.S.-listed companies, which collectively represent about 80% of domestic market capitalization.
Leading positions are the same, too, which at the moment include Microsoft (MSFT, 6.8% of assets), Nvidia (NVDA, 6.5%) and Apple (AAPL, 6.2%).
The modest savings in fees might add up over years or decades if you plan to hold this S&P 500 ETF for the very long term.
That could make SPLG more attractive to traditional investors than its larger sister fund.
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ProShares Short S&P500
- Assets under management: $1.4 billion
- Expenses: 0.89%
- Dividend yield: 5.4%
Among the more interesting ways to play the popular stock index is to the downside through a short fund.
The ProShares Short S&P500 (SH, $42.30) seeks to deliver the opposite return (minus fees) of the S&P 500 Index.
In other words, if the S&P 500 declines 1% in a day, SH should gain 1%, and vice versa.
The stock market trends higher over the long term. Even amid an uncertain outlook for the global economy, U.S. equities have rebounded from a quick April correction. A bearish bet such as ProShares' ETF seems to make little sense.
The losses you'd incur during a positive run for the S&P 500 would be compounded by SH's significant costs of 0.89% annually.
Who in the world would buy this inverse ETF?
Speculators betting against a short-term decline might.
Consider that, from March 1 to March 20, 2020, SH surged more than 21%, while the S&P 500 fell by roughly the same amount.
It's also important to note that SH has big purposes for institutional or sophisticated traders looking to hedge against declines.
For these investors, this short S&P 500 ETF is more of an insurance policy than a profit vehicle.
These factors might not make ProShares Short S&P500 right for everyone. Most buy-and-hold investors are better off leaving inverse funds alone.
But SH remains an important tool to tactical investors and traders, and boasts more than $1 billion in AUM as a result.
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Vanguard S&P 500 ETF
- Assets under management: $661.9 billion
- Expenses: 0.03%
- Dividend yield: 1.4%
We're returning our focus to "vanilla" S&P 500 ETFs with the Vanguard S&P 500 ETF (VOO, $535.77).
It's smaller than IVV and SPY at $662 billion in assets. But if you roll in the look-alike Vanguard mutual fund, you get closer to $1.3 trillion in AUM in this specific S&P 500 strategy.
The exchange-traded VOO is relatively young, launching in 2010 in what seems like a very late entrance onto the ETF scene.
However, many investors know Vanguard and its iconic founder Jack Bogle as pioneers of passive investment strategies that use fixed indexes to power their funds.
That's exactly what VOO is, and it builds on this tradition.
As is its fashion, Vanguard looks to pass on the savings from this simple investment strategy via a low-cost structure for investors. VOO also provides a dirt-cheap 0.03% expense ratio.
Vanguard account holders don't have to look outside the family to gain easy, inexpensive access to this major market index.
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Direxion Daily S&P 500 Bull 3x Shares ETF
- Assets under management: $4.6 billion
- Expenses: 0.87%*
- Dividend yield: 1.0%
ETFs and other exchange-traded products (ETPs) are wildly popular among smaller investors, in part because they provide easy access to investments that used to be too complex or costly.
However, the universe of ETPs out there operates under the same principles as anything on Wall Street.
Two of those ideas are particularly important to call out before we discuss our next S&P 500 ETF:
- You shouldn't chase the crowd and should only invest based on your personal means and goals.
- You should never invest in any product unless you fully understand what you're getting into.
Disclaimers out of the way, let's talk about the Direxion Daily S&P 500 Bull 3x Shares ETF (SPXL, $147.22).
As the "3x" in the name indicates, this is a leveraged fund that seeks to deliver three times the daily performance of the S&P 500 Index (before its rather substantial fees, of course).
This strategy is attractive to some aggressive investors, and for good reason. SPXL surged more than 700% from the March 2020 bear-market bottom through the start of 2022 — significantly outperforming the broader index.
Although Direxion's ETF aims to triple the index's daily movement, longer-term performance can vary greatly in either direction.
It should go without saying that while SPXL can generate outsize profits when things go well, you can lose just as much when the S&P 500 goes south.
At a hefty 0.87% in fees, or $87 annually on every $10,000 invested, costs can hold back performance over the very long term, too.
We can't stress enough that leveraged funds such as SPXL are not meant for most individuals who are primarily investing with an eye toward retirement.
They're meant for highly experienced tactical investors and day traders — and even then, they should be purchased in modest amounts.
* Includes 0.03% in acquired fund fees and other expenses
Learn more about SPXL at the Direxion provider site.
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