Why You Need to Be Diversified to Protect Your Portfolio
Surely you’re aware that it’s smart to diversify your portfolio, but have you made a firm commitment to it? If not, then now’s the time.

With the swings we’ve seen in the stock markets lately, investing can feel like a risky venture. We all want to reduce risk in our lives, but many people don't think about diversifying their portfolios and how it relates to risk reduction. Some people may think that they are diversified, but in reality they hold a basket of similar stocks or bonds that all react in the same way to market events.
So, what is proper diversification, and how does it reduce risk? This article will discuss what a diversified portfolio should look like and how it reduces risk to help you reach your financial goals.
What Is Portfolio Diversification?
The concept is simple enough, yet many people fail to diversify their portfolios properly. Some people may receive stock options at work, and others may have a high conviction in a particular company. Still, the result creates an overly concentrated portfolio exposed to a high degree of risk entirely based on one or a few companies. Failure to properly diversify can cause many portfolios to have a much higher risk than an investor is comfortable with or even aware of.

Sign up for Kiplinger’s Free E-Newsletters
Profit and prosper with the best of expert advice on investing, taxes, retirement, personal finance and more - straight to your e-mail.
Profit and prosper with the best of expert advice - straight to your e-mail.
For an investor to truly have a diverse investment collection, they need to invest in several different asset classes and sectors that will react differently to market events.
- Asset classes include cash, stocks, bonds, real estate, etc. Those asset classes can get broken down further into specific sectors within those groups.
- Sectors within the bond category, for example, include government bonds, corporate bonds, high-yield, etc.
- Different sectors for stocks include technology, health care, financials, etc.
These asset classes and sectors will have moments when they are performing better than other categories, but no asset class or sector remains at the top forever. By spreading out your risks, market anomalies will have less of an impact on your portfolio. Think of it as betting on multiple horses in the race rather than just one.
Just because a portfolio is diversified doesn't mean it is guaranteed to go up in value. Some events will impact the broad financial market. For instance, during the 2008 financial crisis, only bonds and cash had positive returns for the year. Large-cap growth stocks fell by more than 38% in that year, and international stocks lost more than 41%. A well-diversified portfolio would've had negative returns in that year between 20% to 30%, but it still would've had better returns than the worst-performing categories of the market.
What Are the Benefits of Portfolio Diversification?
A diversified portfolio will likely have a better risk-adjusted return over a long period. While the diversified portfolio will never have returns as high as the top-performing sector, it will also never be at the bottom. A diversified portfolio will achieve the average returns of all the sectors invested with lower volatility along the way.
For example, in 2020, due to a decline in oil and gas consumption, energy companies lost 33%, making that sector the worst-performer in the S&P 500. All the while, the broader index rose over 16% for the year. However, as the COVID 19 lockdowns came to an end, energy consumption returned strong, causing energy to be the highest performer of 2021, with a 54% return. A broadly diversified portfolio across the S&P 500 would've seen an 18% gain in 2020 and a 29% gain in 2021, resulting in more than 52% return over two years. An investor solely concentrated in the energy sector would only be up 2% after recouping from their losses in year one.
Another example that spans an entire decade would be the 1970s. This decade experienced stagflation due to high unemployment, high inflation and low economic growth. The Dow Jones Industrial Average began the decade at 800 and closed it out at 839 points. Bonds had a negative real return after inflation. However, real assets like commodities and real estate did well due to higher-than-average inflation. Gold had a 10x return, while silver had a 15x return over the decade. REITs generated an annual return of 16.3%. Someone broadly diversified across multiple asset classes would've seen a better return than someone solely invested in stocks and bonds.
In Conclusion
Diversification is an essential element to minimize the risk of investing. Allocating investments across different asset classes and sectors can help stabilize your returns because no single sector or class will have as much impact on the overall performance of the entire basket.
Over time, even if some assets perform poorly, others should offset them so that you don't see too significant an effect on your overall performance.
Get Kiplinger Today newsletter — free
Profit and prosper with the best of Kiplinger's advice on investing, taxes, retirement, personal finance and much more. Delivered daily. Enter your email in the box and click Sign Me Up.
Matt Stratman is a financial adviser at Western International Securities in Southern California. His focus is helping business owners and entrepreneurs who are planning for retirement. With a strong, client-centered approach he creates personalized investment strategies to help them reach their financial goals. Matt is extremely passionate about retirement planning, believing the better prepared a person is, the more fulfilling their retirement will be.
-
Retire in Costa Rica With These Three Tax Benefits
Retirement Taxes Costa Rica may be a good place for retirement if you like the low cost of living and savings for your heirs.
By Kate Schubel Published
-
Five Ways to Ease Caregiver Stress
Caregiver stress is real. Here are five techniques to protect your health and happiness while caring for a loved one.
By MP Dunleavey Published
-
Financial Strategies Borrowed From the Big Game's Playbook
Like the best football teams, you can win at financial planning by executing a strategy, making halftime adjustments and staying focused on the ultimate prize.
By Frank J. Legan Published
-
Three Ways to Plan Now for a Social Security Shortfall Later
The outlook for Social Security is gloomy, but you can save now to protect against benefit cuts later. If the cuts don't happen, you'll still be better off.
By Tyler Jones Published
-
Extra Cash? Should You Pay Off Debt or Invest?
Depending on your financial situation, you might benefit from paying off debt, investing or both. Here are some things to consider before deciding.
By Anthony Martin Published
-
The Future of 1031 Exchanges Under Trump Looks Bright
As a real estate investor himself, President Trump appears poised to preserve the tax-deferring power of this strategy. But you still must follow the rules.
By Edward E. Fernandez Published
-
Gambling vs Investing: How to Tell the Difference
It's easy to get caught up in the excitement of placing a bet on the Big Game, but beware of letting that emotion drive your investing decisions.
By James Martielli, CFA®, CAIA® Published
-
Stock Market Today: Stocks Swing Lower as Inflation Fears Rise
The latest consumer sentiment data showed near-term inflation expectations rose to their highest level since November 2023.
By Karee Venema Published
-
Empowering Widows: Five Goals for Financial Security in 2025
Tackling these strategies one at a time, whether it's updating estate planning or reassessing investments, can help put you on track for financial stability.
By Stacy Francis, CFP®, CDFA®, CES™ Published
-
Private Credit: Coming Soon to a Portfolio Near You
Private credit could be a good source of diversification for sophisticated investors, but beware of the risks.
By Blaine Townsend, CIMC®, CIMA® Published