Congrats on maxing out your 401(k) in 2025 — that’s a huge win and a major victory for your retirement fund.
Since you’re a power saver, you probably have additional funds to allocate toward your financial future, along with strategic choices to consider. Here are seven ways to utilize your surplus savings once you’ve reached the contribution limit, considering tax advantages, flexibility, and long-term wealth-building potential.
What are 2025 401(k) Contribution limits?
For 2025, the maximum contribution limits for 401(k) plans are as follows:
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Employee deferrals: $23,500
Catch-up contributions (for those age 50 and older): $7,500
Super catch-up contributions (for those age 60-63, per SECURE 2.0 Act): $11,250
Total combined employee and employer contributions: $70,000 (or $77,500 for those 50 and older, $81,250 for those 60-63)
These limits apply to 401(k), 403(b), most 457 plans, and the federal government’s Thrift Savings Plan. Total contributions cannot exceed 100% of the employee’s compensation.
Here’s what to do next
David Dickman, CFP®, Vice President and Partner at Rothschild Wealth Partners, recommends that after maxing out your 401(k), you explore less obvious investment options. Take a holistic view of your financial situation and consider upcoming life events to make informed decisions.
“Carrying high-interest liabilities or aspirations for near-term life events could dictate your decision beyond standard advice,” he says. He adds that considering the liquidity and tax benefits or ramifications of certain contributions and withdrawals is important in managing the “life cycle” of your finances. “Additionally, it is usually recommended to retain, on average, six months of living expenses in cash or equivalents.”
So, what's next for you?
1. Consider a Deferred Compensation Plan
Dalton Richards, CPFA® and Financial Planner at Balefire, says the first step to take to secure your financial future is to capitalize on your company’s deferred compensation plan.
“Many executives, partners, and senior professionals have access to non-qualified deferred compensation (NQDC) plans, which allow you to defer a portion of your salary and/or bonus into a tax-deferred account,” he says.
If your employer offers an NQDC plan, you can defer a portion of your income to reduce current taxable income in your highest-earning years. You can choose when to receive payouts and benefit from tax-deferred investment growth beyond 401(k) limits.
Richards adds that this strategy is especially effective if you expect to be in a lower tax bracket in retirement, or you are working toward early retirement and want to spread out your income across multiple years.
2. Choose a Health Savings Account (HSA)
HSAs are the only accounts that offer triple tax savings — tax-deductible contributions, tax-deferred growth, and tax-free withdrawals for medical expenses. Dickman explains that HSA accounts are highly underutilized and can be leaned on to help cover unexpected medical expenses, which can arise later in life.
“The government has also recently expanded qualified expense categories to include items such as certain OTC medications, mental health services, weight loss and nutritional programming, and preventative care,” Dickman adds.
3. Explore a backdoor Roth IRA
For high earners whose income exceeds the Roth IRA contribution limits — $150,000 to $165,000 for single filers or $230,000 to $240,000 for married couples filing jointly — a backdoor Roth IRA offers a path to additional savings.
This strategy involves contributing after-tax dollars to a traditional IRA, up to $7,000 (or $8,000 for those 50 and older), and then converting those funds to a Roth IRA.
Your savings grow tax-free and can be withdrawn tax-free in retirement. However, if you already have pre-tax IRA funds, watch out for the pro-rata rule, which could result in unexpected taxes during the conversion.
4. Check out a mega backdoor Roth
Richards also recommends leveraging a mega backdoor Roth if your employer's 401(k) plan allows after-tax contributions above the standard deferral limit (up to $70,000 total for 2025, including both employee and employer contributions), as well as in-plan Roth conversions or in-service rollovers. "It is one of the most powerful tools available," he says
These after-tax contributions can be converted to a Roth 401(k) or rolled over to a Roth IRA, allowing for significantly larger Roth contributions if the plan permits. Your money grows tax-free with no required minimum distributions (RMDs) if in a Roth IRA, and there are no income limits.
5. Take a look at a Donor-Advised Fund (DAF)
A donor-advised fund (DAF) is a dedicated giving and investment account designed to support charities you value. Jennifer Kohlbacher, CPA, Director, Wealth Strategy at Mariner Wealth Advisors, highlights the benefits of donor-advised funds. “When contributing cash, securities, or other assets to a DAF, you can typically claim an immediate tax deduction, and the assets in the DAF can be held, sold without tax liability, invested for tax-free growth, and distributed to your chosen charities over time.” Additionally, the assets in the DAF are excluded from your estate, shielding them from estate taxes.
6. Look into taxable brokerage accounts
Taxable brokerage accounts offer both long-term growth and flexibility. These accounts don't offer tax deferral, but you’ll pay lower tax rates on long-term capital gains and qualified dividends. Richards says this is ideal for long-term buy-and-hold strategies, especially for those pursuing early retirement, education funding or big-ticket goals, as funds are accessible without age restrictions or penalties. “Focus on low-cost, diversified investments like index funds or ETFs, municipal bonds, and tax-loss harvesting to minimize fees.”
7. Size up tax-deferred annuities
Unlike 401(k)s or IRAs, deferred annuities allow unlimited contributions with tax-deferred growth. And while variable annuities depend on market performance, fixed annuities offer guaranteed returns.
When you retire, you can convert to an income annuity to spread out tax liability or take withdrawals, which are taxed as ordinary income. Watch for fees and surrender charges, and evaluate if the tax deferral outweighs the costs.
Additional considerations
"The problem with only sheltering money in Roths, HSAs, and other tax-advantaged accounts is that those dollars are locked up," said Stephan Shipe, Ph.D., CFA, CFP®, Founder and CEO of Scholar Advising.
"We often see high earners become net-worth rich but liquidity-poor," he says. "They have plenty saved, but all in accounts they can't access without penalty. That's a challenge when you want to pay down a mortgage, buy a second home, or make a large purchase."
High earners also often face higher tax brackets, so it's best to prioritize tax-advantaged accounts to reduce current taxable income and secure tax-free growth. You may also want to consider aligning your portfolio with your risk tolerance and retirement timeline, gradually shifting to more conservative assets as you approach retirement.
Supercharge your financial future
As a 'super saver', you’ve got a fantastic opportunity to supercharge your financial future with these strategies. Consult a financial advisor to tailor these options to your goals, tax situation, and risk tolerance, ensuring you make the most of your wealth-building potential.
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