Considering Real Estate? Know the ABCs of DSTs, TICs and 1031s
Having commercial and multifamily real estate in your investment portfolio provides diversification, and it can potentially generate income and help you build wealth. Before diving in, consider the range of ownership structures and the potential tax advantages of real estate investing.
![](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/LBCPYrqgtTFgjVUGZTQGJW-415-80.jpg)
Investment real estate is the largest asset class in the U.S. behind the equity and bond markets. Millions of investors allocate some portion of their investment portfolio to income properties, including commercial and multifamily real estate, to diversify their assets and as part of a potential wealth-building strategy.
Before you invest in real estate — or add to your portfolio if you already own investment property — you should know about two increasingly popular passive investment vehicles, and one of the most attractive real estate tax benefits.
Two Ways to Passively Invest in Real Estate
No. 1: Delaware Statutory Trusts
![https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/hwgJ7osrMtUWhk5koeVme7-200-80.png](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/hwgJ7osrMtUWhk5koeVme7-320-80.png)
Sign up for Kiplinger’s Free E-Newsletters
Profit and prosper with the best of expert advice on investing, taxes, retirement, personal finance and more - straight to your e-mail.
Profit and prosper with the best of expert advice - straight to your e-mail.
A Delaware Statutory Trust (DST) is an entity used to hold title to investments such as income-producing real estate. Most types of real estate can be owned in a DST, including industrial, multifamily, office and retail properties. Often, the properties are institutional quality similar to those owned by an insurance company or pension fund, such as a 500-unit Class A multifamily apartment community or a 50,000-square-foot industrial distribution facility subject to a 10- to 20-year lease with a Fortune 500 logistics and shipping company.
There can be up to 499 individual investors in a DST, typically. Each investor holds an undivided fractional interest in the property or properties (if the DST holds multiple assets), making the investor an owner. That said, decision-making authority typically rests with a trustee who is the asset manager designated by the sponsor of the DST offering. The asset manager takes care of the property day to day and handles all investor reporting and monthly distributions.
A DST is considered a security and is governed by securities laws. The typical minimum investment in a DST is $100,000. Owners of a DST receive an operating statement at the end of the year showing their pro-rata portion of property income and expenses, which investors input onto Schedule E of their tax return, in the same way that you would any other commercial or rental properties that you may own directly.
No. 2: Tenants-in-Common
A tenants-in-common (TIC) structure is another way to co-invest in real estate. With a TIC, the number of allowable investors is limited to 35. As a result of the lower investor limit, the minimum investment requirement to purchase a property through a TIC may be substantially higher than a DST. We often see minimums for TIC investments between $250,000 and $1 million.
Although TIC investments and DSTs have their nuances and differences, they often will hold title to the same types of property. While the DST is generally considered the more passive investment vehicle, there are some circumstances in which a TIC is desirable, including if the investors wish to utilize a cash-out refinance after owning the TIC investment for a few years in order to get some of their equity back, which can be invested in other assets.
Real Estate Tax Benefit that Helps Build Wealth
Whether you’re invested in DSTs or TICs, you are eligible to take advantage of one of the most attractive real estate tax benefits on the books in the U.S.: the 1031, or “like kind,” exchange.
1031 exchanges are so-called because they are governed by Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code. About one-third of all commercial and multifamily property sales involve a like-kind exchange, which is available to investors of all income levels. (You don’t have to be a high-net-worth investor to take advantage of this tax benefit.)
A like-kind exchange allows an investor to defer capital gains, depreciation recapture and other taxes at the time an investment property is sold if the net equity from the sale is reinvested into a property of the same or greater value. With a 1031 exchange, an apartment building can be exchanged for a warehouse, a warehouse for a medical office building, a medical office building for a drugstore, etc.
The net effect of 1031 exchange investing: The initial invested capital and the gain can continue to grow tax deferred if the asset gains value. With a 1031 exchange, no tax consequences are triggered after a property sale. Then, if and when the new investment is sold without the equity reinvested in another exchange property at some later date, the prior gain would be recognized.
Not all properties qualify as like-kind exchange replacement properties under the Internal Revenue Code. But DSTs and TICs do. A person can invest into a DST property to qualify for the tax treatment when they sell their investment property, or invest out of a DST into another DST or another property of like-kind (Internal Revenue Code Ruling 2004-86) to maintain the tax benefit.
If you already own real estate and are contemplating a sale, this could potentially be a great time to exchange into another property. Some national policymakers are considering changing the rules that govern 1031s. The tax benefit could work differently in the future.
Get Kiplinger Today newsletter — free
Profit and prosper with the best of Kiplinger's advice on investing, taxes, retirement, personal finance and much more. Delivered daily. Enter your email in the box and click Sign Me Up.
Dwight Kay is the Founder and CEO of Kay Properties and Investments LLC. Kay Properties is a national 1031 exchange investment firm specializing in Delaware statutory trusts. The www.kpi1031.com platform provides access to the marketplace of typically 20-40 DSTs from over 25 different sponsor companies. Kay Properties team members collectively have over 340 years of real estate experience, have participated in over $39 billion of DST 1031 investments, and have helped over 2,270 investors purchase more than 9,100 DST investments nationwide.
-
Visa Is the Worst Dow Stock Wednesday. Here's Why
Visa stock is down sharply Wednesday after the credit card company came up short of revenue expectations for its fiscal Q3.
By Joey Solitro Published
-
Another Analyst Moves to the Sidelines on Tesla Stock After Earnings
Tesla stock is spiraling Wednesday after the EV maker's big earnings miss and Wall Street has been quick to weigh in. Here's what you need to know.
By Joey Solitro Published
-
Confused by Annuities? Making Sense of the Different Types
Many investors aren't sure if annuities are a good option for meeting financial goals. Let's look at the different categories, along with their pros and cons.
By Kris Maksimovich, AIF®, CRPC®, CPFA®, CRC® Published
-
Talkin' 'Bout My Generational Wealth: Baby Boomers
With retirement, each generation has different priorities and challenges. For Baby Boomers, it's a matter of ready or not, here it comes.
By Alvina Lo Published
-
How to Avoid a Big Hassle if Your Financed Car Gets Wrecked
How an insurance check is made out for repairs can cause a world of problems if the lienholder is left out.
By H. Dennis Beaver, Esq. Published
-
Estate Planning Strategies to Consider as Election Nears
Are big changes in tax laws coming soon? Not likely, but you might want to take advantage of higher estate and gift tax exemptions well before the end of 2025.
By David Handler, J.D. Published
-
How to Get Your Money's Worth From Your Financial Adviser
A good financial adviser will focus on how your financial planning and investment strategy align with your lifestyle and aspirations.
By Pam Krueger Published
-
Think of Prenups and Postnups as Financial Planning Tools
These contracts provide a clear framework for asset management and protection and are especially useful if you get married later in life.
By Andrew Hatherley, CDFA®, CRPC® Published
-
Congratulations on Your Raise: Three Things to Do With It
We're not saying you shouldn't spend it on a new car, but there are some considerations to guard against lifestyle creep and to help ensure a comfy retirement.
By Andrew Rosen, CFP®, CEP Published
-
Check Off These Four Financial Tasks to Finish 2024 Strong
The new year is a popular time to set financial goals, but now is the ideal time to check how you're doing. Four tweaks could make a big difference.
By Daniel Razvi, Esquire Published