Tax Breaks on Home Sales

I’ve lived in my house for eight years, but I have to move for a new job and plan to sell it soon. What are the tax rules for selling a home? --B.D., Miami

For most sellers there is no tax consequence because most home-sale profit is tax-free. Assuming you have lived in the house for at least two of the five years leading up to the sale, you can exclude up to $250,000 of profit from your taxable income ($500,000 if you are married and file jointly). If this rule protects all your profit, you don’t even need to report the sale to the IRS.

To calculate the size of your profit, take the sales price of the house (minus certain expenses, such as the agent’s commission and any points you paid for the buyer) and subtract the adjusted tax basis, which is the original cost of the home plus certain settlement fees or closing costs you paid. You can also add to the basis the cost of major home improvements, such as a new roof, a remodeled kitchen, and a new heating and air-conditioning system. (Basic repairs and maintenance don’t count.)

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Gains above the exclusion amount should be reported on Schedule D. For more details, see IRS Publication 523, Selling Your Home.