The Good News on Social Security

“Social Security won’t be there when I retire.” How many times have you heard or read a variation on that? In conversations about retirement, it has turned from a wry throwaway line into a dire mantra.

Endism is all the rage, four troubled years after the Great Recession hit. The end of the American empire. The end of Europe. Even the box office hit “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” deals with the apocalyptic end of humanity. (At least we don’t have to worry about the world’s implosion, prophesized for May 21, 2011, by Christian broadcaster Harold Camping.)

Of course, there are reasons doomsayers have a ready audience. The economy is close to stalling, and the unemployment rate is uncomfortably near double-digit levels. Meanwhile, Washington oversaw a debt-limit fiasco that brought the U.S. government to the edge of default and a historic downgrade of U.S. Treasuries.

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An even more critical force feeding all the foreboding: Americans feel anxious about an aging population that is living longer than before. The leading edge of the Woodstock generation -- the roughly 76 million baby-boomers born from 1946 to 1964 -- are either eligible or close to eligible for Social Security and Medicare benefits. Average life expectancy has risen from nearly 62 years in 1935, when Social Security became law, to 78 years today. The potent combination of longer lives and more elderly people -- along with the federal government’s massive debts and yawning deficit -- are stoking fearful predictions of a fiscal catastrophe. The core of the country’s long-term fiscal challenge are the three main entitlement programs: Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid. (The other big spending items are defense and interest on the debt.)

Economist Joseph Schumpeter once noted that “pessimistic visions about almost anything always strike the public as more erudite than optimistic ones.” Well, here’s a realistic -- and optimistic -- perspective on Social Security. It isn’t in fiscal crisis. Bankruptcy isn’t even a remote risk. The genuine long-term federal fiscal problem is health care. For example, Social Security payments are running about 5% of gross domestic product, and the Congressional Budget Office forecasts they will rise to 6% of GDP by the 2030s.

In sharp contrast, federal spending on health care, including Medicare and Medicaid, could jump from 5.6% of GDP to the 9%-to-10% range in 20 years. Put somewhat differently, unlike Medicare, Medicaid and the overall health care system, Social Security only needs some nips and tucks to get on a sounder financial path.

Better yet, there’s an opportunity to quickly shore up the retirement system. The so-called super committee of 12 congressional leaders is charged with coming up with a debt- and deficit-reduction package. The widespread expectation is that the committee will fail at its task, a reasonable forecast considering the dispiriting rush to blame after Standard & Poor’s stripped the government of its AAA credit rating. Nevertheless, there have been countless blue-chip commissions and think-tank panels that offer the super committee an off-the-shelf Social Security compromise, a quick way to demonstrate to a weary, disgusted electorate that fiscal progress is possible. (The same common ground doesn’t exist with Medicare and Medicaid, let alone Obama/Romneycare.)

Among the key elements informing most Social Security reform packages are: boosting benefits for low-income workers; raising the full retirement age and, at the same time, pushing up initial eligibility for filing for benefits above 62; hiking the cap on annual wages subject to the payroll tax; and embracing a more conservative calculation of the consumer price index. There is even the opportunity for negotiators to improve America’s retirement savings system by approving a proposal inserted into most studies of Social Security reform: adding to the Social Security system a program of voluntary additional contributions for long-term savings.

I think the common menu of choices is a mixed bag. Nevertheless, Social Security reform would send a powerful signal to young and old alike that the third pillar of America’s retirement system -- the other two are personal savings and pensions -- is safe and sound. Social Security will be there for current and future retirees.

Here’s the thing: Social Security and all other retirement savings schemes, including 401(k)s and defined-benefit plans, are claims on the future health of the U.S. economy. If workers are productive and entrepreneurship is flourishing, the elder care tab is easy to pay. For example, the 75-year projection on Social Security’s funding shortfall is based on an average annual productivity growth rate of 1.7% after 2018. Push that number up to 2% and the shortfall is pushed out into the mists of the future.

The advantage of dealing with Social Security now is that it frees up time and effort for what really counts: strategies for boosting the productivity and incomes of young and aging workers alike.