Income investors love dividends. They own a portfolio of world-class businesses, sit back and let the cash roll into their accounts. Sounds great, right? It pretty much is.
But what if I told you there’s an even better way to invest? Instead of focusing purely on dividend yield, there is a broader metric that can improve your results that’s worthy of your attention: shareholder yield.
When it comes to analyzing stocks, there’s rarely anything new under the sun. But shareholder yield is a relatively new concept. The term was first introduced in the 2005 paper “The Case for Shareholder Yield as a Dominant Driver of Future Equity Returns.”
Sign up for Kiplinger’s Free E-Newsletters
Profit and prosper with the best of expert advice on investing, taxes, retirement, personal finance and more - straight to your e-mail.
Profit and prosper with the best of expert advice - straight to your e-mail.
The idea is straightforward. A company has a finite number of ways it can use its free cash (that is, cash that’s available after paying for planned capital investments, taxes and interest payments). The company can use free cash flow to:
- Pay cash dividends
- Repurchase stock
- Reduce debt
- Acquire another business
- Reinvest in the company
The last two applications involve growth. And if a company can generate a strong return on reinvested capital, that’s great. But income investors are rightly concerned with how profits get distributed to them, the company’s shareholders.
It’s the first three uses of cash (paying dividends, repurchasing stock and paying down debt) that comprise shareholder yield. Let’s take a closer look at each one:
Dividends. Most investors are familiar with this type of shareholder return. A company will distribute some of its cash to shareholders. Usually, American companies do this quarterly. Many international companies pay out once or twice per year. The term “dividend yield” simply refers to how much the company is paying out in annual dividends relative to its stock price.
As an example, retailer Target (TGT), has paid $4.36 per share in dividends over the past 12 months. Its current stock price is $108.21. That equates to a trailing 12-month dividend yield of 4.0%. That’s well over double the dividend yield of the S&P 500.
In addition to regular dividends, some companies further reward shareholders with special dividends — one-off payments akin to getting an unexpected bonus check. This is a pretty common practice among energy and other commodity companies, but certainly not exclusive to them. Costco (COST), as an example, has paid out four special dividends since 2011.
Stock repurchases. These are also known as share buybacks. This is when a company repurchases its own shares from existing shareholders. Stock repurchases benefit current shareholders who are looking to reduce their ownership (it provides additional liquidity). And it can benefit shareholders who don’t want to liquidate, because when the number of outstanding shares is reduced through repurchases, that means investors who keep their shares end up owning a larger percentage of the company (and are entitled to a bigger piece of the profit pie).
Online marketplace operator Etsy (ETSY) is a company that could easily be looked over by income investors. It doesn’t pay a dividend at all. Instead of paying cash to shareholders, it has spent over $576 million buying back stock over the past 12 months.
Debt reduction. This is the component of shareholder yield that isn’t particularly intuitive. It’s certainly a more subtle way of rewarding shareholders. By reducing interest costs, companies can funnel more future profits to shareholders. Debt reduction also increases the percentage of the enterprise value that is owned by equity shareholders — just like when a homeowner pays down their mortgage, the net value of their home goes up (value of home – mortgage debt = equity value).
Airline operator Alaska Air (ALK) doesn’t pay a dividend, and share buybacks have been modest. Instead, it has been focused on paying down debt, to the tune of $295 million over the past 12 months.
When you combine these three components — dividends, buybacks and debt reduction — you get shareholder yield. The three companies used to demonstrate these components operate very different businesses. How they allocate their cash varies quite a bit as well. Yet, when looked at through the lens of shareholder yield, they have a lot in common.
| Stock | Dividend yield (+) | Repurchase yield (+) | Debt reduction yield (=) | Shareholder yield |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Target | 4.0% | 5.6% | -1.9% | 7.7% |
| Etsy | 0% | 7.4% | 0.1% | 7.5% |
| Alaska Air | 0% | 1.3% | 6.7% | 8.0% |
Source: Bloomberg, SAM analysis. Data as of 11/13/23.
If you’re an investor who’s looking only at dividend yield, you’re missing the broader shareholder return picture. At SAM, we’ve found that approaches emphasizing shareholder yield can outperform the broader market over time. That’s why shareholder yield is a big priority in our Income strategy. If you’re investing on your own, we highly recommend going the extra mile to calculate shareholder yield. Or if you have an adviser, it’s worth finding out if they’re making those calculations on your behalf.
Stansberry Asset Management ("SAM") is a Registered Investment Advisor with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. File number: 801-107061. Such registration does not imply any level of skill or training. This presentation has been prepared by SAM and is for informational purposes only. Under no circumstances should this report or any information herein be construed as investment advice, or as an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities or other financial instruments.
Related Content
- (A Little) Greed Is Good When It Comes to Investing
- These Energy ‘Middlemen’ Are an Income Lover’s Dream
- Five Questions (and Answers) for Long-Term Investors
- Focusing Too Much on a Bull Market Could Lead You Astray
- Mutual Funds Reality Check: Are You Really Diversified?
-
The Trump GOP Tax Bill Could Worsen California Cost of LivingState Tax Energy bills in the Golden State may shock you if Republican lawmakers in Congress remove certain energy tax credits through Trump's 'big, beautiful bill.'
-
The Best Covered-Call ETFs to BuyCovered-call ETFs can provide consistent, above-average income generation, but they can also cap potential upside. Here's what to look for.
-
Wealth Advisers: In Estate Planning, the End Is Just the BeginningWe need to keep the lines of communication with our clients open so that we can anticipate and help them navigate issues that arise over time.
-
Stood Up by a Radio Show: But Was It a Breach of Contract?A conscientious financial planner reschedules his clients after being invited onto a talk show and ends up losing one of them at a cost of $5,000. What does the radio show owe him, if anything?
-
Eight Estate Planning Steps to Protect Your Loved Ones (and Your Legacy)Two-thirds of Americans don't have an estate plan. If you're one of them, these are the essential steps to take now to prevent problems for your family later.
-
The Six Pros This Adviser Says You Need to Sell Your BusinessSelling your business isn't as simple as getting the best price and walking away. These are the six professionals you'll need to get a deal across the finish line.
-
The Three C's to Financial Success: A Financial Planner's Guide to Build WealthConsistency, commitment and confidence in your chosen strategy are more critical to your financial success than finding the 'perfect' financial plan.
-
A Financial Adviser's Guide to Solving Your Retirement Puzzle: Five Key PiecesIf retirement's a puzzle you're struggling with, try answering these five questions. The answers will guide you toward a solution.
-
You're Close to Retirement and Cashed Out: How Do You Get Back In?If you've been scared into an all-cash position, it's wise to consider reinvesting your money in the markets. Here's how a financial planner recommends you can get back in the saddle.
-
After the Disaster: An Expert's Guide to Deciding Whether to Rebuild or RelocateHomeowners hit by disaster must weigh the emotional desire to rebuild against the financial realities of insurance coverage, unexpected costs and future risk.
