President Biden's Tax Plans for the Next Few Years
With control of both the House and Senate in Democratic hands, President Biden will be able to get more of his tax policy proposals through Congress. Here's what could happen in the next four years.
President Joe Biden's tax plans were laid out for all to see during his campaign last year. Yet, immediately after the election, conventional wisdom said that Biden wouldn't be able to implement much of his agenda because Republicans in the Senate were going to block most of his tax policies. But that all changed when Democratic senate candidates Jon Ossoff and Rev. Raphael Warnock beat incumbent Republican Sens. David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler in the Georgia runoff elections on January 5. Now that Democrats control both the House and the Senate for at least the next two years, Biden's tax plans have been resuscitated.
He won't get everything he asks for because the Democratic majorities in Congress are razor thin. And don't expect quick action on tax changes because he'll have more important things to worry about early in his presidency (e.g., the pandemic). But let's take a fresh look at some of the higher-profile tax policy proposals Biden pushed during his run for the presidency. Brush up on them now, so you're prepared if and when he gets a some of his ideas through Congress.
Higher Taxes on Wealthier Americans
Unlike some of his opponents in the Democratic primaries (e.g., Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders), President Biden didn't push for a "wealth tax." But that doesn't mean he's opposed to a general policy of taxing the wealthy more heavily. For instance, to help close the income gap, he wants to raise the highest personal income rate back up to 39.6% (it was lowered to 37% by the 2017 tax reform law), cap itemized deductions for wealthier Americans, limit "like-kind exchanges" by real estate investors, and phase-out the 20% deduction for qualified business income for upper-income taxpayers. He promised not to raise taxes for anyone making less than $400,000, though.
As a candidate, Biden's tax policy proposals also included eliminating the step-up in basis for inherited capital assets, which means more taxes on wealth passed to heirs, and ending favorable tax rates on capital gains for anyone making over $1 million. Also look for the federal estate tax exemption to be increased back to pre-tax reform levels. More estates of wealthy people will be subject to the estate tax if that change is made.
Tax Breaks for Ordinary Americans
Taxing the wealthy isn't the only way to narrow the income gap. Reducing taxes for low- and middle-income taxpayers will help that effort, too. Along those lines, President Biden's tax policy proposals include:
- Temporarily increasing the child tax credit to $3,000 per child for children ages 6 to 17 and to $3,600 for children under 6, and making it fully refundable;
- Expanding the child care credit to 50% of a family's childcare costs for children under age 13 (up to $4,000 for one child or $8,000 for two or more children), making it fully refundable, and gradually phasing out the credit for families making between $125,000 and $400,000;
- Forgiving student loan debt and excluding the forgiven amount from taxation;
- Temporarily increasing the maximum earned income tax credit for childless adults to around $1,500, raising the credit's income limit for singles to about $21,000, and eliminating the age cap for older workers so that they can claim the credit too;
- Expanding the work opportunity tax credit to include military spouses;
- Enhancing tax breaks and access to 401(k) plans for workers who are saving for retirement (including "equalizing" the tax benefits of 401(k) plans); and
- Creating tax credits for small businesses that offer retirement plans for their workers.
Stimulus Checks
The day before the Georgia runoff elections, Biden said that "$2,000 checks will go out the door" if Ossoff and Warnock were elected. Well, now that that has happened, expect a full-court press for a third stimulus check.
In December, a new COVID-relief law authorized $600 stimulus checks (half as much as the $1,200 stimulus checks sent earlier in 2020 under the CARES Act). Nevertheless, many people saw that amount as too little, too late. So, with former President Trump's backing, the House passed the CASH Act, which would have increased the $600 second-round payments to $2,000 per eligible person. But then-Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) blocked all efforts to hold a vote on the CASH Act in the Senate. Now, though, with Sen. Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) in control of the Senate, legislation authorizing a third stimulus check appears very likely to pass sometime within the next few weeks or months.
Like the CASH Act, President Biden's plan calls for an additional round of $1,400 checks. He also wants to make the extra amount allowed for dependent children age 16 or younger that we saw tacked on to the first two stimulus checks available for families with dependents of any age.
Health Care
President Biden never jumped on the Medicare-for-all bandwagon. Instead, he supports a policy that would keep and improve Obamacare. As part of his plan to do this, he wants to eliminate the income-based cap on the premium tax credit so that all families who purchase insurance through a health insurance exchange can claim the credit. He also wants to increase the credit amount by basing it on the cost of a gold-level health plan, rather than a less-expensive silver-level plan. Biden also wants to ensure that people buying health insurance through the exchange don't pay more than 8.5% of their income for coverage.
In addition, Biden's health care plan calls for a tax penalty on pharmaceutical companies that increase drug costs by more than the rate of inflation and taking away their deduction for advertising expenses. He also wants to eliminate any tax incentives for pharmaceutical companies to move production overseas.
Senior Citizens
President Biden also proposed several tax policy changes to help senior citizens and those who care for them. First, his plan calls for increased tax benefits for elderly Americans who pay for long-term care insurance with their retirement savings. The president also wants to allow low-wage workers over 65 years of age to claim the earned income tax credit (currently, you can't claim the credit if you're over 65).
To help protect Social Security, Biden hopes to make more income from wealthier Americans subject to the Social Security payroll tax. For 2021, wages above $142,800 are not subject to the payroll tax (the amount is adjusted annually for inflation). Biden wants to make wages above $400,000 subject to the tax.
In addition, expect Biden to push for a new $5,000 tax credit for "informal" caregivers—family members or other loved ones—providing long-term care to the elderly. Caregivers might also be allowed to make "catch-up" contributions to retirement accounts.
Disabled People
Look for President Biden to push for increased tax credits for employers, including small businesses, that hire a person with a disability. The expected credit would be worth up to $5,000 the first year and $2,500 if the disabled worker completes a second year of employment. There could also be up to $30,000 in tax credits available to businesses that improve the accessibility of their workplace.
Biden also wants to expand access to ABLE accounts. These are tax-advantaged savings accounts that provide people with disabilities a way to pay for qualified disability-related expenses, such as education, housing and transportation. Specifically, Biden may help pass the ABLE Age Adjustment Act, which he said would make ABLE accounts available to 6 million additional adults with disabilities, including 1 million veterans.
Climate Change
As a candidate, President Biden issued a climate change plan that includes some tax policy provisions. His "Clean Energy Revolution" would be paid for by restoring the full electric vehicle tax credit (while aiming it at middle-class consumers); pushing tax breaks for energy efficiency in the homes and other buildings; and increasing tax incentives for carbon capture, use and storage. He also said that he would support a carbon tax.
Affordable Housing
President Biden's plan to expand access to affordable housing calls for creating a new refundable tax credit of up to $15,000 for first-time homebuyers. The credit would be paid when qualified taxpayers purchase a home, instead of when they file their tax return the following year.
He also wants to enact a new renter's tax credit to reduce rent and utility costs to 30% of income for low-income individuals. In addition, Biden supports expanding the low-income housing tax credit, which provides incentives for the construction or rehabilitation of affordable housing for low-income tenants.
Opportunity Zones
In a campaign proposal that's related to affordable housing, President Biden called for Opportunity Zone program reforms. Under the program, you can defer capital gains from the sale of business or personal property by investing the proceeds in qualified opportunity funds (QOF). These funds are then invested in economically distressed communities. If you keep your money in the fund for five years, your taxable gain on the original sale of property is reduced by 10%. Investments held for seven years get an additional 5% reduction. If you stay invested for 10 years, any gain from the QOF investment is tax-free. QOFs typically require investors to have a high net worth, a minimum annual income, and at least a six-figure investment. As a result, these investment vehicles, and the tax breaks that go with them, are mainly for the wealthy.
Biden wants to make sure people living in the distressed communities also benefit from the Opportunity Zone program. Too often, according to the Biden plan, Opportunity Zone projects are for things like luxury apartments and hotels, instead of for affordable housing and local business development. To change this, Biden said he wants to:
- Create incentives for QOFs to partner with non-profit or community-oriented organizations, and jointly produce a community-benefit plan for each investment, with a focus on creating jobs for low-income residents and otherwise providing a direct financial impact to households within the Opportunity Zone;
- Review Opportunity Zone benefits to make sure tax benefits are only being allowed if there are clear economic, social, and environmental benefits to a community, and not just high returns to investors; and
- Require recipients of Opportunity Zone tax breaks to provide detailed reporting and public disclosure on their investments and the impact on local residents, including poverty status, housing affordability, and job creation.
Corporate Taxes
Corporate taxes will increase if the president gets his way. For example, one of President Biden's tax policy proposals is to raise the corporate income tax rate from 21% to 28% (the 2017 tax reform law dropped the rate from 35% to 21%). He also supports a 15% minimum tax on large corporations.
In addition, Biden wants to increase the global intangible low tax income (GILTI) rate on foreign profits from 10.5% to 21%. He also supports a "claw-back" provision to force companies to return public investments and tax benefits when they eliminate jobs in the U.S. and send them overseas. He has also called for a 10% surtax on businesses that avoid U.S. taxes by sending jobs and manufacturing overseas and then sell goods back to Americans. Any deductions for expenses associated with sending jobs overseas would be eliminated, too.
Look for the pharmaceutical industry to pay more taxes, too. This could include the elimination of tax breaks for prescription drug advertisements and of any tax incentives for pharmaceutical companies to move production overseas.
On the other hand, Biden may push for some new tax breaks for certain businesses. For example, Biden said he wants a new manufacturing communities tax credit that would promote revitalizing, renovating, and modernizing existing – or recently closed – facilities. Projects receiving the credit would have to benefit local workers and communities. He also supports a new 10% "Made in America" tax credit for companies that invest in the U.S. According to Biden, this credit would help businesses that revitalize or retool U.S. manufacturing facilities, bring back jobs that were previously sent overseas, expand operations in the U.S., or increase wages for U.S. manufacturing jobs.
