Direct Tuition Payments: A Tax-Efficient Way to Pay for School
If you pay tuition for someone else directly to a college, graduate school, preschool or private school, that money is not subject to the gift tax.


Editor’s note: This is the first article in a six-part series focused on paying for education using smart financial and estate planning. Other articles focus on 529 plans, Coverdell Education Savings Accounts, Uniform Transfer to Minor Accounts (UTMAs), education trusts and family loans. See below for links to the other articles.
It’s never too early to start thinking about how to pay for the education of your child, grandchild or someone else you want to support. The cost of schooling continues to increase in the United States, and not just in higher education. Even independent day and boarding schools are raising tuition at higher rates to retain teachers and keep pace with inflation. The good news is that paying for education can be done through smart financial and estate planning.
As an outsourced chief investment officer firm, Hirtle Callaghan is often asked by families how to weigh the various options for paying for education. This series will examine different possibilities in depth, from direct payments, to government-sponsored plans and other estate planning techniques.
From just $107.88 $24.99 for Kiplinger Personal Finance
Be a smarter, better informed investor.

Sign up for Kiplinger’s Free Newsletters
Profit and prosper with the best of expert advice on investing, taxes, retirement, personal finance and more - straight to your e-mail.
Profit and prosper with the best of expert advice - straight to your e-mail.
Efficient tuition funding: Direct payments explained
For estate planning purposes, it may be most efficient and effective to pay directly for someone else’s tuition. Unlike other options we will explore, paying tuition on behalf of another individual does not require years of advance planning. Yet, it can have an immediate tax benefit because the tuition payment does not count toward your annual gift tax exclusion or your lifetime exemption amount. For example, you can make a direct payment of $40,000 to a school to cover the cost of a grandchild’s tuition and then make a gift of $18,000 (in 2024) to the same grandchild in the same year free from gift taxes.
As noted above, it is critical that the tuition must be paid directly to the educational institution. If a grandparent were to give their son or daughter money to pay the tuition (and not do it directly), then the transfer would count as a gift under federal tax law. This option is not only available for college or graduate school but is also available for preschool, private grade school and private high school tuition. It is worth noting the direct payments apply only to tuition, not the cost of books, supplies or room and board. Those other expenses would count as gifts under federal gift tax law.
How this could affect financial aid
A direct contribution can negatively impact financial aid eligibility because it is treated as untaxed income on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), which reduces eligibility by 50% of the amount paid. So, a tuition payment of $10,000 may reduce eligibility by $5,000. However, if financial aid is not a consideration, paying tuition directly may be the easiest and most tax-efficient way to fund a child, grandchild or loved one’s education.
Benefits:
- Tuition payments are removed from the grantor’s estate, which leaves fewer assets in the grantor's estate that could later be subject to estate tax.
- Direct tuition payments to an institution do not count toward the lifetime or annual gift tax exclusion
- Direct payments can be used for preschool, private grade school, private high school, college and graduate school
Considerations:
- Financial aid may be reduced
- The costs of books, supplies or room and board are not covered
Opting to pay tuition directly to an educational institution can be a savvy move for those looking to support someone’s education without coming up against gift tax limitations. However, it’s essential to consider the potential impact on financial aid eligibility and remember that this method covers only tuition, not ancillary expenses like books and room and board.
Also, paying directly for someone else’s education requires being willing and able to part with disposable income.
Each family's situation is unique, so it’s crucial to weigh this option against other strategies, such as government-sponsored plans or educational trusts, to find the best fit for your financial and estate planning goals. By carefully evaluating your choices, you can effectively support education while optimizing tax benefits and aligning with your broader financial planning strategy.
The next article in this series will be about unlocking the power of 529 plans.
Other Articles in This Series
- Part two: 529 Plans: A Powerful Way to Tackle Rising Education Costs
- Part three: Coverdell Education Savings Accounts: A Deep Dive
- Part four: UTMA: A Flexible Alternative for Education Expenses and More
- Part five: How an Irrevocable Trust Could Pay for Education
- Part six: How Intrafamily Loans Can Bridge the Education Funding Gap
Profit and prosper with the best of Kiplinger's advice on investing, taxes, retirement, personal finance and much more. Delivered daily. Enter your email in the box and click Sign Me Up.

Denise is a Director at Hirtle Callaghan with responsibility for leading family relationships from our Arizona office. Denise brings over 26 years of her legal and financial experience working with multigenerational client families on all aspects of their financial lives. Denise draws on her past experiences to help clients develop and implement their wealth transfer plans and makes recommendations about wealth transfer and tax-saving strategies.
-
A Comfortable Retirement is About More Than Money
When it comes to a happy retirement, money can’t buy these things.
-
Stock Market Winners and Losers of the 'Big, Beautiful' Bill
Defense, manufacturing and tech should prosper, while health care and green energy stocks face hurdles.
-
I'm a Financial Planner: Here's How to Invest Like the Wealthy, Even if You Don't Have Millions
Private market investments, once exclusive to the ultra-wealthy and institutions, have become more accessible to individual investors, thanks to regulatory changes and new investment structures.
-
Four Ways a Massive Emergency Fund Can Hurt You More Than It Helps
Saving too much could mean you're missing opportunities to put your money to work. Redirect some of that money toward paying off debt, building retirement funds, fulfilling a dream or investing in higher-growth options.
-
Noctourism: The New Travel Trend For Your Next Trip
"Noctourism" is a new trend of building travel and vacations around events and plans that take place at night. Take a look at some inspiring noctourism ideas.
-
With Buffett Retiring, Should You Invest in a Berkshire Copycat?
Warren Buffett will step down at the end of this year. Should you explore one of a handful of Berkshire Hathaway clones or copycat funds?
-
Eight Tricks to Shop for Glasses if You're Over 50
Shopping for glasses often gets trickier — and more expensive — as you age. If you've over 50, take these steps when you set out to buy a new pair.
-
My First $1 Million: Electric Utility Executive, 56, South Carolina
Ever wonder how someone who's made a million dollars or more did it? Kiplinger's My First $1 Million series uncovers the answers.