You Can Still Buy and Sell a Home During the Coronavirus Outbreak

Spring is usually the busiest time of year for real estate. It’s when house hunters and home sellers come out of hibernation mode and descend on the market in droves. But this year—in the era of COVID-19—is different.

The coronavirus outbreak has rocked the economy and upended many industries, including real estate. As Americans across the country are sheltering at home, many home buyers are left wondering: Should I buy a home now, or wait until quarantine measures loosen and the economy picks up again? The same goes for sellers wondering when they should list their home.

The real estate market is still active; most states have deemed the real estate industry an essential business. But the market is slowing. In March, 5.3 million existing homes were sold (down 8.5% from February), and 627,000 new homes were sold (a 15.4% decrease). And in an April survey of real estate agents by the National Association of Realtors (NAR), 90% of agents reported a decline in home buyer interest because of coronavirus fears. In addition, 80% said they saw fewer houses on the market.

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“We’ve seen some buyers put the brakes on their house search because they’ve lost income or because their financial situation has changed,” says Megan Aitken, a real estate agent in Middletown, Del. “We’ve also seen a number of sellers choosing to post-pone putting their house on the market because they don’t want to risk increased exposure to the coronavirus.”

The soaring jobless rate is also giving sellers pause: “A major concern of sellers right now is the risk of [buyers] losing their income prior to closing,” says Alicia Stoughton, a real estate agent and designer in Cincinnati.

But with mortgage rates still sitting at record lows—the average for a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage was 3.3% in mid April, Freddie Mac reported—buyers have incentive to stay in the market. (Low rates have also sparked a rush to refinance; see below.)

Tips for Buyers

Though fewer people are shopping for homes, buyers in many cities are still facing stiff competition due to housing shortages. “Because many sellers who planned to list this spring are holding off, inventory is even lower than it would be,” Stoughton says. “Make sure to work with an agent who is willing to work harder to find off-market listings,” she advises.

Also, getting preapproved before you make an offer on a house is a must. You don’t have to leave home to get preapproved; you can submit an application online or over the phone. And if you’re in a hurry, applying with an online mortgage company can help you speed through the application process. For example, Quicken Loans’ Rocket Mortgage says it can approve borrowers in as little as eight minutes.

Still, it’s worth shopping around to find a low rate. “I haven’t seen such differences among rates from lender to lender in my 35-year history of working in the mortgage business,” says Glenn Brunker, of Ally Home.

It’s also wise to talk to several real estate agents before you choose one. Aitken recommends that buyers have a video consultation with an agent to establish a human connection. “You want an agent who knows your needs and will advocate for you,” she says.

Virtual home tours and live-streamed open houses are replacing in-person showings. Nearly three-fourths of real estate agents in the NAR survey said they’d seen home sellers stop holding open houses.

Home buyers must adapt, says Cara Ameer, a real estate agent in Ponte Vedra Beach, Fla. “A listing of mine in mid March went under contract purely by the video that I posted online with the listing,” she says. If you tour a house in person, make sure to wear protective gear, such as a face mask and gloves.

To close on time, consider opting for a 60-day closing period instead of the more typical 30-day or 45-day close, says Kevin Schatz, a loan officer at Santa Ana, Calif.–based Caliber Home Loans. Because of the recent surge of refinance applications, your lender may need a little more time to approve your loan than it would during normal times. Also, having a longer closing gives you some flexibility when scheduling a settlement date with your title company. Some title companies are doing fewer closings because they’ve laid off or furloughed employees.

Protocols for home appraisals have also changed. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the government-sponsored mortgage giants, have directed mortgage lenders to reduce the need for appraisers to perform in-home inspections, allowing greater flexibility for drive-by appraisals for conventional loans. (FHA mortgages still require an in-home appraisal.)

Home inspections are being per-formed without home buyers tagging along with the inspector—although some inspectors are using video chat-ting apps to let buyers join them for the inspection remotely in real time.

If it’s allowed in your state, consider doing an “e-closing,” a settlement process in which you sign closing documents electronically.

Tips for Sellers

More than ever before, “what’s going to set listings apart is how homes are presented online,” Aitken says. Professional photos and staging are a must; without them, your online listing can pale in comparison with your competition. Most stagers charge between $150 and $600 for a two-hour consultation, and then an additional $500 to $600 per month for each room, according to HomeAdvisor. But it pays off: Research shows staged homes sell quicker and for more money than un-staged homes.

To make your home stand out, consider adding high-tech features to your listing, such as a video or 3-D tour of your home, or drone footage.

Many home buyers still want to take an in-home tour before they make an offer. “If you’re okay with letting people into your home, turn all the lights on and leave all doors open so that you can minimize people having to touch things in your home,” says Ameer. For her listings, Aitken puts a basket of shoe covers, latex gloves and sanitizing wipes by the front door for prospective home buyers to use.

Finally, don’t overprice your home. Many buyers are clamping down on their finances, and a lot of shoppers are less willing to offer above list price for homes. A lot of buyers are also wary of stretching their budgets, because the coronavirus may put a dent in home price gains this year.

Refinancing: Prepare to Be Patient

With average rates for a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage drifting toward 3%, it’s a good time to consider refinancing. A refi often makes sense if your loan rate is more than one percentage point above current rates. You can use The Mortgage Professor’s refinance calculator to plug in the details of both your current mortgage and your new loan to see how long you’d have to stay in your home to start saving money.

But don’t expect lenders to return your calls immediately. During the final week of March, refinance applications were up 168% compared with a year ago, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA). Lenders are taking longer to process refinances, given the boom in applications, and a lot of offices are closed, which can extend turnaround times, says Steve Kaminski, head of U.S. Residential Lending at TD Bank.

“Because of the unprecedented volume of refinance applications that we’re seeing, some lenders are taking 120-plus days to complete a refinance,” says Glenn Brunker, of Ally Home. Prior to COVID-19, he says, a mortgage refinance took about 40 to 45 days to complete.

Ask lenders for a 120-day rate lock instead of the more typical 30 or 60 days. Try to get a float-down lock, which allows you to nab a lower mortgage rate if rates fall within a specific period after your loan is approved. (Traditionally, lenders charge a fee for a float-down, but some may be willing to waive it in today’s climate.)

Because mortgage rates can vary significantly from lender to lender, Brunker strongly recommends refinancers obtain quotes from at least three mortgage companies. You may also want to wait a few months to shop for a refi. In a down economy, rates won’t go any higher, and there’s a good chance they will drop further. The spread between yields on the 10-year Treasury note and the average 30-year mortgage rate is higher than usual because with business booming, many lenders are quoting higher rates.