I recently interviewed a wonderful family. The family members were very eager to share with me some of the work that their family had already undertaken in their journey to become “enterprising.” And, indeed, I would say that they had done some really great things, specifically around creating transparent and open communication, while working to prepare heirs.
Still, I was curious. I wanted to know why. Why was this so important to them? Why had they gone to great lengths to embark on an intentional process for their family? The response was quite simple: “Money can be toxic.”
You see, this family of nine was worried about one thing: how their wealth would impact the members of their family. And, they wanted to take proactive steps to avoid entitlement and instead create an environment of empowerment. Is this sounding familiar yet? I know that many of you may feel the same way when it comes to your own families.
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Why is wealth a magnifier?
While having more money can certainly make your life easier in some ways, it can also take already complex family relationships and magnify them, especially for families of significant wealth. For many families, members or branches own and control their assets outright; however, in families of substantial wealth, a characteristic that distinguishes them is that their assets are often intertwined. For example, most assets are in a family-owned or closely held business, family trusts, family limited partnerships, investment accounts or other vehicles that require joint decision-making. This combination of a family’s “financial lives” with their “family lives” gives rise to a heightened degree of complexity.
Decisions, decisions…
This complexity translates to myriad decisions financially wealthy families must make. There are the financial decisions about how to protect and grow the family’s assets, and then there are decisions about the maintenance and use of assets such as homes, automobiles and perhaps boats and airplanes.
The wealth provides a host of options that aren’t available to others — options around education, travel and lifestyle, each of which involve a discrete range of decisions.
Some of the decisions and questions my clients faced regarding their children included (and there are many!):
- How do we define family?
- Who is included and for what purpose?
- What do we tell family members about the extent of our wealth?
- When and how do we tell them?
- How much do we give our children and other family members, when do we give it to them, and how do we prepare them to know what to do with it once they get it?
- How much is enough?
- How do we empower our families to take advantage of all that our wealth allows, without it defining who they are and creating a sense of entitlement?
- Do we treat are children equally or equitably?
- How do we use our wealth to help others and support philanthropic causes we care about?
- How do we ensure that our financial wealth serves the family today, as well as for generations to come?
These examples of the non-financial decisions that need to be made are all common questions for families of substantial wealth.
Everyone has needs
One strategy Enterprising Families use to help them navigate decisions concerning the knowledge, use, management, investment and stewardship of their assets — and the impact of their wealth on their family — is “systems thinking.”
Enterprising Families recognize that the combining of their financial and their family lives results in a set of at least three interlocking systems.
- The family system — of which all family members are a part.
- The Owners’ or Creators’ system — which is made up of those family members who actually own the assets from which all family members benefit.
- The Enterprise system — which refers to a business, other jointly owned assets or even wealth just being used as a tool to accomplish shared goals.
Adapted from the Three-Circle Model of the Family Business System, Tagiuri and Davis, 1982.
The complexities of the Family Enterprise System arise from the fact that:
- People in each of the constituent systems have different priorities, interests and needs. These differences in perspective give rise to a range of questions that require a series of essential family conversations.
- These constituent systems of differing priorities overlap.
- Family members play different roles with respect to each of the systems.
- The roles played by each family member will likely change over time.
Let’s look at a couple of examples that illustrate these complexities.
If the key asset within the Family Enterprise System is a business the family operates, what do you think the primary interests and priorities of the owner position might be (those who own a share of the business, but are not employed within the business)? How might their interests and priorities be different from those in the enterprise position (those who work in the business, but are not owners)? This is a classic scenario that can present challenges for a family that hasn’t invested time and energy in grappling with family dynamics.
As an owner, you may prioritize profits and dividend distributions. As a non-owner working in the business — and perhaps a manager of the business — you may prioritize profits too, but may want to reinvest those profits in growing the business, rather than distributing them.
This is not an unusual scenario as it relates to owners and employees, except that, when the people in question are family, they have a relationship independent of the business. They’ll see each other at family gatherings. They may even live in the same household. This leads to the potential for differences about the business to spill over into and negatively impact family affairs — and vice versa.
There may not even be any actual conflicts as it relates to the business; the conflicts may be with respect to purely family issues. The challenge then becomes how to ensure that their family differences don’t infect the business.
When you think systems, and map out the relationships in this way, the complexities become evident.
The challenges here are even greater when you consider that these relationships will likely change. A family member may not have an ownership interest in the business today, but that may change as they mature and inherit an ownership interest.
At any given moment, family members have to think about which role they are viewing a situation from and the various interests at play.
Have you identified where you fit into your Family Enterprise System and where everyone else within your family fits, too? What insights would you glean from looking at your Family Enterprise System?
When you pause to appreciate the extent of these complexities, it’s easier to understand how families can fall prey to miscommunication, misunderstandings and mistrust, as is the case with most families who lose their wealth by the end of the third generation — and why Enterprising Families spend the time thinking about and planning for these potential difficulties.
In my previous columns (“The Right Plan Can Bond Your Family Together Better Than Super Glue,” “My Family Drives Me (Financially) Nuts” and “Stop Pushing My Buttons! Family Tensions Can Prevent Forward Planning”), I shared research illustrating that the vast majority of reasons for the failure of generational wealth transfer are non-financial. Additionally, I pointed out there can be consequences if families do not exercise a high degree of purposefulness regarding the non-financial elements of their lives. We also explored what it takes to become an Enterprising Family and touched on how to thrive in an emotionally complex family system. Now, we looked at some of the unique complexities of families of financial wealth and how to navigate them.
What comes next
There are key concepts designed to help your family create a framework in approaching Family Dynamics. We will continue in the next few months by exploring:
- The multiple dimensions of wealth, or “family capital,” rather than seeing wealth as financially oriented only.
- Next steps: How to start your journey in becoming an Enterprising Family.
Wells Fargo Wealth Management provides products and services through Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. and its affiliates. Brokerage services are offered through Wells Fargo Advisors. Wells Fargo Advisors is a trade name used by Wells Fargo Clearing Services, LLC, Member SIPC, a registered broker-dealer and separate non-bank affiliate of Wells Fargo & Company. © 2017 Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. NMLSR ID 399801 Wells Fargo and Company and its affiliates do not provide legal advice. Please consult your legal advisers to determine how this information may apply to your own situation.
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