Using Savings Bonds to Pay College Costs

My older son is starting college in the fall, and I would like to use his Series EE bonds tax-free for his expenses. The way I read the rules, however, I don't think I can. The bonds were purchased by various family members from 1994 through 2001 and have my son listed on the “to” line of the bonds. If I can’t use them tax-free, will the interest be taxed at my son’s rate?

You're correct about missing out on the tax break. To qualify, the bond owner must have been at least 24 years old when the bond was issued and must use the money to pay qualified education expenses for himself, his spouse or a dependent. (Tuition and fees qualify; room and board do not.) In most cases, as in yours, the bonds must be owned by the parent or co-owned by both parents. Because your son is listed as the owner, you can't exclude the interest on your return. (After all, it's not your income.)

The interest subject to tax when the bonds are redeemed should be reported on your son's tax return. He won’t be able to take the tax break by using the money for college costs, either, because the bond owner must be at least 24 years old on the bond’s issue date. Unfortunately, the interest might be taxable at your tax rate rather than your son’s. The “kiddie tax” applies the parents’ rate to a child’s investment income if it exceeds $1,900 this year. The kiddie tax usually disappears when a child turns 18, but it applies to full time students until the year they turn 24.

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I bonds and EE bonds issued after 1989 are eligible for the tax break. For 2012, the break starts to phase out if modified gross income is $109,250 or higher for joint returns or $72,850 for single filers and other returns. The break disappears completely when income tops $139,250 for joint returns or $87,850 for others (it’s your income level when you use the money for college expenses that counts, not your income when you originally purchased the bond). For more information about calculating the tax-free amount, see IRS Publication 970, Tax Benefits for Education (opens in new tab). Also see the Treasury Department’s Using Savings Bonds for Education (opens in new tab). And for more information about saving for college, see Smart Ways to Save for College.