Tax Withholding Adjustments Can Boost Your Paycheck Now and Avoid Penalties Later
If you've had too much or too little tax withheld from your paychecks, there's still time to submit a new Form W-4 to change your tax withholding for the rest of the year.
- (opens in new tab)
- (opens in new tab)
- (opens in new tab)
- Newsletter sign up Newsletter

Do yourself a favor: Look at your last paycheck and see how much federal income tax has been withheld from your wages so far this year. If you've had too much or too little withheld, there's still time to adjust your tax withholding for the rest of the year (and beyond). But, since you probably only have a couple of pay periods left this year, you need to act as soon as possible to have an impact on your overall 2021 withholding.
Making a change can put more money in your pocket now…or shield you from an IRS penalty later. The goal is to have your annual tax withholding be as close to your overall tax liability for the year. Think like Goldilocks – you want your tax withholding to be "just right."
If you have too much tax withheld during the year, your take-home pay isn't as high as it could be and you're effectively giving Uncle Sam an interest-free loan each pay period (you won't get paid back until you get your next tax refund). Reducing your tax withholding in this case will immediately boost your paycheck (it's like giving yourself a raise). And, yes, next year's tax refund will be smaller…but that just means you're not letting the government hold on to and use your money for a few months (again, without paying interest).

Sign up for Kiplinger’s Free E-Newsletters
Profit and prosper with the best of expert advice on investing, taxes, retirement, personal finance and more - straight to your e-mail.
Profit and prosper with the best of expert advice - straight to your e-mail.
On the other hand, if your employer doesn't withhold at least (1) 90% of the income tax you expect to owe for 2021, or (2) 100% of the tax you paid for 2020 (110% if your 2020 adjusted gross income was more than $150,000), you could be hit with an underpayment penalty when you file your federal tax return next April. Increasing your tax withholding now can help reduce or completely avoid this penalty. It can also lower or prevent a tax bill when you file your federal tax return next year.
File a New W-4 Form to Change Your Tax Withholding
There are many reasons why your tax withholding could be a bit off. Common causes include a marriage, divorce, birth of a child, or home purchase during the year. If it looks like your 2021 tax withholding is going to be too high or too low because of one of these or some other reason, you can submit a new Form W-4 (opens in new tab) now to increase or decrease your withholding for the rest of the year. Give the new form to your employer and they'll take it from there (check with your HR department to find out exactly who you should send the form to). Your employer must implement any change by the start of the first payroll period ending on or after the 30th day after you submit a new W-4 form for this year.
Although there are five "steps" on the W-4 form, only Step 1 (name, address and filing status) and Step 5 (sign and date) are required for everyone. You only have to complete Steps 2 to 4 if they apply to you (e.g., you have more than one job, a spouse that works, dependents or other adjustments). Completing all relevant steps will bring your tax withholding closer to your tax liability, which (again) is the goal.
If you just want to increase your withholding, one easy way to do this is to specify an extra amount you'd like to have withheld from your paycheck on Line 4(c) of the W-4 form.
IRS's Withholding Tax Calculator
To help you determine if and/or how much to adjust your 2021 withholding, use the IRS's Tax Withholding Estimator (opens in new tab) as soon as you can. Have your most recent pay stub and a copy of your 2020 tax return handy to help estimate your 2021 income. Again, you must act quickly, since we're almost to the end of the year.
We also recommend using the tax withholding calculator early in 2022 to see if additional adjustments are beneficial going forward. In fact, it's a good idea to check your withholding every year. And the earlier in the year you do it – and make any necessary adjustments – the better. That way your tax withholding will be more even and accurate throughout the year.
But remember that you aren't required to submit a new W-4 form to your employer unless you're starting a new job. If your company doesn't receive a new form from you, it will just continue to withhold taxes based on the most recent W-4 it has on file for you.
Rocky was a Senior Tax Editor for Kiplinger from October 2018 to January 2023. He has more than 20 years of experience covering federal and state tax developments. Before coming to Kiplinger, he worked for Wolters Kluwer Tax & Accounting and Kleinrock Publishing, where he provided breaking news and guidance for CPAs, tax attorneys, and other tax professionals. He has also been quoted as an expert by USA Today, Forbes, U.S. News & World Report, Reuters, Accounting Today, and other media outlets. Rocky has a law degree from the University of Connecticut and a B.A. in History from Salisbury University.
-
-
Best Defensive Stocks to Buy Now
Investors are concerned about the financial sector and the economy, but these best defensive stocks have risk-averse traits that can help calm those fears.
By Mark R. Hake, CFA • Published
-
Being Rich vs. Being Wealthy: What’s the Difference?
It’s all about where you put the zeros — having a large bank account isn’t the same as having zero regrets and focusing on what brings you joy.
By Andrew Rosen, CFP®, CEP • Published
-
Lawmakers Propose Tax Hikes to Combat Climate Change
Climate change is prompting some lawmakers to propose property tax hikes to fund mitigation efforts while scientists say that global warming could reach a critical level in less than a decade.
By Kelley R. Taylor • Published
-
Etsy, eBay, PayPal Want IRS 1099-K Relief for Online Sellers
Companies like ebay, Etsy, and PayPal want Congress to raise the new $600 reporting threshold for IRS Form1099-K to give relief to millions of sellers who use their sites.
By Kelley R. Taylor • Published
-
Is Your First RMD Due April 1?
The IRS is reminding some retirees of an important required minimum distribution (RMD) deadline that is just around the corner.
By Kelley R. Taylor • Published
-
Pink Tax: What Does Price Discrimination Cost Women?
Women's History month is a good time to revisit the “pink tax”—a form of price discrimination that’s banned in many states but costs women millions of dollars each year.
By Kelley R. Taylor • Published
-
Biden Wants a Wealth Tax: Should Billionaires Pay More?
Debate over how much tax billionaires and millionaires should pay is heating up given the wealth in the Biden budget.
By Kelley R. Taylor • Last updated
-
Tax Day 2023: When Is the Last Day to File Your Taxes?
tax deadline Tax Day for most of us is April 18. This is when Federal income tax returns are due. But some people have some extra time to file. Are you one of them?
By Rocky Mengle • Published
-
Income Tax Brackets for 2023 Are Set
Although the federal tax rates didn't change, the tax bracket income ranges for the 2023 tax year are adjusted to account for inflation.
By Rocky Mengle • Published
-
2023 Standard Deduction Amounts Are Now Available
The IRS has released the 2023 standard deduction amounts. In addition to saving you money, the standard deduction can also tell you if you even have to file a return.
By Rocky Mengle • Published