4 Questions to Ask Your Accountant Before You File Your Taxes

How Do My Investment Fees Stack Up?

Accountants see a huge variety of investment types and accounts. That makes them uniquely positioned to offer you a view into what they are seeing in terms of fees and tax-appropriate investments across all of their clients.

Making sure the fees your adviser charges are in line with the industry standard can provide some peace of mind that you’re not overpaying for advice — especially considering such fees are no longer deductible (opens in new tab) under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

If you want to learn more about how your fees compare and how overpaying destroys your ability to build long-term wealth, click here (opens in new tab) and then on our resources page for our free infographic “How Fees Erode Your Wealth.”

Am I Paying Unnecessary Taxes from Distributions?

Conceptually, mutual funds and ETFs (exchange-traded funds) are very similar in that they are both baskets of securities designed to offer diversification and exposure to many different types of investments through one product. One of the main reasons I believe in using ETF’s instead of mutual funds is because of the tax advantage nature of their structure.

Generally, a mutual fund makes a capital gains distribution (opens in new tab) at the end of each year. The distribution represents the proceeds of the sale of stock or other assets by the fund's managers throughout the course of the tax year. In contrast, ETFs rarely distribute capital gains because of their underlying structure (opens in new tab).

With mutual funds, you have zero control over this — but you’re still responsible for paying the taxes that could be generated by realizing long-term capital gains. Mutual funds also pay out income earned, which can cause tax bills in a year you don’t sell any of your mutual fund holdings.

Even in a year where you have an unrealized loss (which could happen if the market, in general, goes down), you may still owe taxes on the realized gains that your mutual fund took.

Ask your accountant if you’re paying unnecessary taxes because of your mutual funds. If so, you may want to consider allocating more of the funds in your portfolio to more tax-efficient ETFs.

Should I Accelerate or Defer My Taxable Income?

For the most part, there’s no getting out of paying taxes on money you earn. But you do have control over when you pay it.

The default for many people is usually to take advantage of tax-deferred vehicles first. They might max out 401(k)s or traditional IRAs in order to reduce their taxable income today.

But you don’t want to throw all your tax burden into your future. Your accountant can help you look at your current tax bracket and where you may fall in the future, and help you balance out how much in taxes you pay now versus what you’ll be obligated to pay later.

What Else Can I Do to Reduce What I Owe? Or, What Changes Can I Make Now for Next Year?

If you usually owe taxes each year, it’s worth asking your accountant if there are any options for reducing how much you’re obligated to pay to the IRS.

A good CPA should be able to lay out specific actions you can take and evaluate if it makes sense to pursue certain strategies. They can also look at what changes may be coming, and if there’s anything you can proactively plan for in order to take advantage of tax savings in the future.

Your CPA may also be able to connect with your financial planner to analyze the options. Together, both professionals should have the full context of your financial situation, and would be able to recommend if there’s anything specific you can do (or plan to do in the coming year) to lower your tax bill.