Wall Street received a painful reminder last year that the stock market isn't a free-money machine. Stocks don't always march higher, and the risk of declines, if perhaps only temporary, are very real. Dividends, however, allow you to realize consistent cash returns and avoid the need to sell at inopportune times – and few areas of the market produce higher dividends than the best BDC stocks.
BDCs, or business development companies, are like private equity funds for the common man, though they have some important differences. Whereas private equity funds tend to be opaque, have long lockup periods and are restricted to high-net-worth and institutional investors, BDCs are publicly traded on the stock market, available to anyone with a brokerage account and are completely transparent.
BDCs make debt and equity investments primarily in "middle market" companies that are generally a little too big for bank financing but not quite big enough to go public via an initial public offering (IPO). They invest in the proverbial Main Street … or at least, this is as close to Main Street as Wall Street gets.
Like their cousins, real estate investment trusts (REITs), BDCs were created by Congress to encourage investment in the real economy, and both benefit from preferential tax treatment, paying no income tax at the corporate level so long as they pay out at least 90% of their net income as dividends.
This is why BDCs and REITs generally are some of the best dividend stocks for high yields. They're legally mandated to pay out nearly every red cent, and the absence of taxes makes more cash available to pay.
Data is as of March 3. Dividend yields are calculated by annualizing the most recent payout and dividing by the share price.
Main Street Capital
- Market value: $3.4 billion
- Dividend yield: 6.4%
If BDC stocks are the proverbial Main Street, then let's start with Main Street Capital (MAIN (opens in new tab), $42.27). Main Street is generally considered to be one of the best-managed BDCs in the space and a true blue-chip operator – and it's a monthly dividend stock to boot.
Main Street provides debt and equity financing to middle market companies that are too large for a bank loan, but not quite large enough to execute an IPO. The company targets companies with annual revenues between $10 million and $150 million.
Remember: Business development companies are required to pay out at least 90% of their earnings as dividends. But BDC earnings can be cyclical. So, whenever earnings take even a short-term hit, many BDCs are put in the unfortunate position of having to choose between funding the dividend with debt or cutting it.
Well, Main Street avoids that problem by keeping its regular dividend fairly modest and topping it up with special dividends, usually twice per year. In particularly good years, the "bonus" special dividends might be a little fatter than usual, and in bad years they might get trimmed back.
At current prices, Main Street yields close to 7% based on its regular monthly dividend… a payout that it has hiked twice over the past year, by the way!
Main Street made a modest special dividend of 10 cents per share in December 2022, 10 cents per share in September 2022, 7.5 cents per share in May 2022 and has already declared another 17.5 cents per share payment for March 2023. These extra payouts combine to add a little over 1% to Main Street's regular dividend yield for a total payout over the past 12 months of close to 8%.
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Ares Capital
- Market value: $10.3 billion
- Dividend yield: 9.9%
Ares Capital (ARCC (opens in new tab), $19.45) is the world's largest BDC by market capitalization, with a value of a little over $10 billion. It also happens to be one of the most conservatively allocated; as of year end, 43% of its portfolio was invested in first-lien loans, with another 18% in second-lien loans. Only 28% is allocated to equity.
In other words, when push comes to shove, Ares is generally first in line to get paid, or awfully close to it.
ARCC is also very well diversified by sector. Software makes up 22% of the portfolio, with healthcare and professional services making up 11% and 10%, respectively. No other sector accounts for more than 7%.
ARCC has been aggressively raising its regular quarterly dividend since 2021, hiking it by 20% since June of that year. And ARCC has been supplementing its payouts with special dividends. Throughout last year, the company added an additional 12 cents per share in dividends, adding about 0.62% to the stated dividend yield.
That's an excellent haul for one of Wall Street's best BDC stocks, especially one with such a conservative profile.
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Owl Rock Capital
- Market value: $5.3 billion
- Dividend yield: 9.8%
Owl Rock Capital (ORCC (opens in new tab), $13.53) is a relative newcomer among BDC stocks, having started trading in 2019. The company survived and thrived during those chaotic first years and continues to deliver a steady stream of dividends to its investors that adds up to an 9%-plus current yield.
Like many of the BDCs covered here, Owl Rock follows a sensible policy of keeping its regular quarterly dividend comparatively modest and topping it up with special dividends as cash flows allow. Over the past two quarters, the company has paid out an additional 7 cents per share in special dividends, adding a little over half a percent in additional yield.
Also like most BDCs, Owl Rock Capital tends to focus on middle market companies. Its typical portfolio company boasts annual EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) from $10 million to $250 million. Meanwhile, 71% of its portfolio consists of first-lien loans, with another 14% in second-lien loans. Fully 98% of its debt investments are floating rate, meaning the company should have no issues staying safely ahead of Federal Reserve rate hikes.
The BDC is also very well diversified. Its top 10 positions account for only 21% of its total portfolio. Software is its largest industry exposure, at 13% of the portfolio, followed by insurance and food and beverage at 9% and 7%, respectively.
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Hercules Capital
- Market value: $2.1 billion
- Dividend yield: 10.3%
For a different, slightly more aggressive take on BDC stocks, consider Hercules Capital (HTGC (opens in new tab), $15.26).
As we covered earlier, BDCs can generally be thought of as publicly traded private equity companies. Hercules is different, however. It operates more like a venture capital firm.
This might sound like a distinction without a difference, and the two terms often get lumped together, but private equity and venture capital are very different asset classes. Private equity covers primarily established companies with relatively long track records. Venture capital tends to be the domain of startups.
Of course, focusing on newer companies is potentially a lot more exciting (and lucrative). But it's also generally going to be riskier than private equity.
Hercules Capital is the largest BDC in the world that is focused primarily on venture lending. And as you might expect in this space, its biggest focuses are in technology, healthcare, software as a service and renewable energy.
About 95% of HTGC's portfolio is invested in debt investments, and virtually all of those debt investments are floating-rate instruments. This should insulate Hercules from inflation and rising interest rates as the Fed continues to tighten.
Like most of the other BDC stocks featured here, Hercules keeps its quarterly dividend relatively conservative and tops it up with supplemental dividends as cash flows allows. The BDC paid 60 cents per share in special dividends last year, equaling a bonus yield of nearly 4% on top of the quoted 9.7% yield, and has already paid another 8 cents per share in special dividends this year.
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TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC
- Market value: $441.0 million
- Dividend yield: 12.7%
Along the same lines, TriplePoint Venture Growth BDC Corp (TPGV (opens in new tab), $12.50) is worth a good look. TriplePoint is the smallest of the BDC stocks featured here, with a market cap of just $441 million. So, you should consider this one to be more speculative. Still, its 12.7% dividend yield and emphasis on growth make the BDC worthy of consideration.
TriplePoint provides debt and equity financing to venture growth-stage companies in technology and other high-growth industries. By the time a company is on TriplePoint's radar, it will generally have at least $20 million in revenues, a commanding market position, and is preparing for a liquidity event like an IPO. And this isn't hypothetical. Its past successes have included household names like YouTube, Facebook, Square, Beyond Meat (BYND (opens in new tab)) and Chegg (CHGG (opens in new tab)).
Meanwhile, 89% of TriplePoint's portfolio is invested in debt instruments, and of this figure, 63% are in floating-rate instruments.
TPGV pays a strong and growing regular dividend. But it also tops up this regular payout with special dividends when it has excess liquidity. The last special dividend, paid at the end of last year, boosted the stated dividend yield by close to 1%.
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