Lawmakers Want to Help You Save More in Your 401(k)

There’s not much that Republicans and Democrats in Congress agree on, but when it comes to retirement, members of both parties acknowledge that a lot of Americans aren’t saving enough. The problem is particularly acute for the 55 million workers who don’t have a 401(k) or other retirement plan through their job, which makes them far less likely to save.

Now Congress is con­sidering legislation—the Retirement Enhancement and Savings Act of 2018—to encourage employers to offer more retirement savings options, while making it easier for workers to save more. Among the key proposals, the legislation would remove obstacles that have made it cumbersome and costly for small employers to band together to create a retirement multiple employer plan (MEP), says benefits lawyer Brian Pinheiro. With an MEP, small employers can slash recordkeeping and investment costs.

Few employers now offer annuities—which can guarantee income for your lifetime—in a 401(k). But the legislation would encourage employers to do so by adding protections in case employees sue—say, because an annuity charges high fees or the insurer providing an annuity goes out of business. High fees have been a problem with annuities in nonprofit 403(b) plans, and the legislation would keep the requirement that employers research fees and the financial soundness of the insurer before adding annuities to a 401(k). Also, the legislation would require 401(k)s and similar plans to inform workers annually how much monthly income their account balance could generate for life, based on a model to be created by the Labor Department. (For more on how to use your retirement savings to generate guaranteed income, see Make Your Money Last.) Finally, the legislation would allow workers to continue contributing to a traditional IRA after age 70½. You would still have to take required minimum distributions at that age, says Nicole Kaeding, director of special projects at the Tax Foundation.

But even if all these proposals pass, they don’t go far enough, retirement experts say. “We have half the population without coverage, and that needs to be fixed,” says Alicia H. Munnell, director of the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College. “These steps, while good and positive steps, are not going to do very much in that area.”

States step up. Meanwhile, some states are creating retirement plans for private-sector workers who don’t have access to a plan through their job. Oregon was the first—it started with a pilot last year and is gradually rolling it out. Called OregonSaves, it requires employers without a retirement plan to enroll employees automatically through payroll deduction into a Roth IRA. Initially, 5% of workers’ pay is directed into the Roth, with contributions gradually increasing over time to 10% a year. Workers can reduce the amount or opt out. So far, nearly three-fourths have stayed in. Illinois launched a similar pilot program in May, and California’s pilot is expected to begin payroll deductions in early 2019.

If you haven’t saved enough for retirement, you don’t have to wait for Congress or your state to act. You can contribute up to $5,500 ($6,500 if age 50 or older) in 2018 to a traditional or Roth IRA. Self-employed workers can salt away even more in a SEP IRA.