Check out any website that offers retirement advice, and you're likely to come across the same suggested sequence for financial distributions: First, take from any taxable accounts; then tax-deferred; then tax-exempt.
That's the typical withdrawal strategy. That's conventional wisdom.
And, in my opinion, it's wrong. Or at least, it's wrong for many people.
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For example, there’s a misconception that when you’re older, you’re going to be in a lower tax bracket than during your working years. That’s often not the case.
How the tax picture darkens for retirees
People are told to hold off taking their tax-deferred money as long as possible, but at 70, they must start taking Social Security distributions, which are taxable. You probably have a 401(k), pension or traditional IRA you must begin taking required minimum distributions from, and those are taxable. All this taxable income can increase your overall tax bracket — often making it higher than it was during your working years.
Meanwhile, by this age, many people have paid off their home mortgage. They are no longer itemizing on their tax return; they’re taking the standard deduction. Or one spouse dies and the survivor goes from filing jointly to filing single status, losing a standard deduction and a personal exemption. Again, their income could be lower than ever, but their tax bracket may actually be higher.
A holistic approach is needed
The optimum strategy is to fill your tax bracket, but not bump up to the next. So you have to project out: What will your tax bracket be for the rest or your life? Then, go back and start over, looking at different formulas and distribution sequences.
All that takes deliberate, forward planning — steering a straight path onto the retirement runway in your 60s, before you turn 70.
This holistic approach takes time and a team of planners, CPAs and estate-planning attorneys working together.
Not everyone wants to take that kind of time or do that much analysis. The aforementioned typical withdrawal strategy is popular with financial advisers, I think, because it’s easy. Many firms are working with a business model that depends on hiring salespeople. They don’t want people who plan as much as they want people who can gather assets.
Unfortunately, those good salespeople aren’t necessarily well trained, technically, and they tend to be less focused on the details. So instead of working their way through an individualized, long-range plan for a client, they come up with simplified rules and broad-based solutions that allow them to meet with as many people as possible and ultimately sell as opposed to strategize.
But retirement planning isn’t about one simple set of answers; it requires running a lot of different scenarios to identify the best possible way to reduce taxes, optimize income and reduce risk. It’s more like a Rubik’s Cube: You can solve the blue side, but you may still have a problem with the orange.
A different kind of expertise
I believe that puzzle requires a special kind of adviser: a fiduciary who focuses only on retirement planning.
This is another place where a lot of people go wrong. They think the adviser who helped them accumulate their wealth is the right one to help them distribute it. But the planning is very different.
When you’re young and accumulating wealth, you make most of your financial decisions in a vacuum or in isolation. Many have a bunch of pieces: a pension, a 401(k), IRAs, Roth IRAs, life insurance, disability insurance, long-term-care insurance, real estate, Social Security and maybe some savings or some stocks and bonds.
In retirement, you need someone who can help put those pieces of your retirement puzzle together and make them work for you. Distribution planning is all about strategically taking from the right accounts at the right time — and one strategy does not fit all. The right adviser for you will give you the best answers — not just the easiest ones — for your retirement years.
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