Follow the Smart Money to Amex

Some bright investors with outstanding long-term records have been buying shares of American Express. Jean-Marie Eveillard, the well-regarded manager of the First Eagle Global and Overseas funds, picked up the stock in the first quarter of 2008 when it traded between $40 and $45.

Other recent buyers include Chris Davis and Ken Feinberg, of Davis New York Venture and Selected American Shares (a member of the Kiplinger 25), and Will Danoff, manager of Fidelity Contrafund. Regulatory filings indicate that Warren Buffett hasn't reached for his pocketbook lately (Berkshire Hathaway, which he heads, already owns 13% of Amex's outstanding shares). But then again, the stock (symbol AXP) has breached new lows since Berkshire last declared its stock holdings.

The question is, who's right: all those smart people who have been snapping up Amex's shares, or the bears who have driven down the stock from its 52-week high of $66 to its July 9 closing price of $39?

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The bears say Amex is at the mercy of over-extended consumers, who may not be able to repay their debts. Unlike Visa and MasterCard, which facilitate transactions but don't actually lend money, American Express is itself a lending institution and assumes cardholder balances on its balance sheet.

The bears say that as the credit crunch plays out, American Express, unlike Visa and MasterCard, will feel the pinch as more consumers default on their obligations. That's why Visa (V), at $76 per share, trades for 37 times estimated earnings for the fiscal year that ends in September, and MasterCard (MA), at $251, trades at 26 times estimated 2008 earnings. Meanwhile, Amex sells for a mere 12 times estimated 2008 profits of $3.33 per share.

The bulls' counterargument is that Amex courts a more creditworthy consumer. Across the industry as a whole, 30% of cardholders have credit scores below 660, which is typically considered the subprime cutoff, says Keefe, Bruyette & Woods analyst Sanjay Sakhrani. By contrast, only 16% of Amex's cardholders count as subprime borrowers.

The other difference is that American Express doesn't rely on clients' maintaining balances as much as other card issuers do. Only about one fourth of the revenue from its U.S. credit-card and charge-card segment comes from interest on revolving balances. The rest is from annual fees that cardholders pay and the per-transaction fees that merchants pay. (The U.S. card business accounted for about 55% of Amex's 2007 revenues of $28 billion. About 25% of revenues come from outside card issuers, such as banks and retailers, that pay Amex a fee to tap into its established network.)

So American Express's consumer-credit-card business depends more on volume than on revolving balances. Instead of luring balance-carrying customers with cards that boast 0% teaser rates, American Express encourages cardholders to spend a lot of money but pay off their balances in full each month. "American Express wants premium customers who are spending actively," says Larry Coats, manager of Oak Value. "It makes a small fee on a high volume of transactions." Sakhrani says that spending per card is four times higher for American Express cards than for Visa or MasterCard cards.

The volume-based business is also more profitable than the business of extending loans to now-shaky consumers. "It drives very high returns on capital, because the company doesn't have all its capital tied up in financing long-term credit balances," Coats says.

Still, American Express is hardly immune to declines in consumer spending. The company is already feeling the pinch -- first-quarter profits, at $0.85 per share, were down 2% from the first quarter of 2007.

No one knows how much consumers will cut back on spending. But in a worst-case scenario, American Express at least has a bullet-proof balance sheet. At the end of the first quarter, Amex was sitting on $34 billion of cash. The company has historically used its excess cash to make strategic acquisitions, steadily repurchase shares and increase its modest dividend. American Express shares yield 1.8%.

The gurus could very well be early on this call. But if you can stomach the risk that traders will dump Amex shares indiscriminately every time rumors circulate about which company is the next Bear Stearns, then this looks like a chance to pick up a reliable company at a favorable price. Sakhrani, who is reservedly bearish on the stock for the near term and rates it "market perform," has a price target on Amex shares of $49.