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American Funds Falter

The company's record for shining in bear markets has been tarnished.

By Steven Goldberg, Contributing Columnist, Kiplinger.com

March 17, 2009

Brokers and investment advisers have long sung the praises of the American funds, which you can buy only through a third party. They often put it this way: "I've never had to apologize for putting a client in an American fund." Nowadays, though, advisers may need to amend their statement to: "I never used to have to apologize for putting a client in an American fund."

Chalk up another victim of the current bear market. The American funds have long been known not only for good bull-market performance but also, more importantly, for great bear-market performance. In the 2000-02 bear market, during which Standard & Poor's 500-stock index tumbled 47%, Income Fund of America A (symbol AMECX), a balanced fund, eked out a 1% gain. The firm's two flagship stock funds lost money but performed far better than their rivals. Investment Company of America A (AIVSX) lost 28% and Growth Fund of America A (AGTHX) dropped 46%, even though the latter specializes in technology and other fast-growing companies, which fell especially hard during the bear market.

But, other than funds that bet against stocks, there have been few heroes during the current bear market, and the American fund family has been no exception. Over the one-year period that ended February 28, the firm's stock funds lost an average of 44% -- one percentage point worse even than the S&P 500, according to Morningstar. "They are noted for holding up well in bear markets," says Morningstar analyst John Coumarianos. "Investors feel a little blindsided."

Shareholders noticed. A year ago, the American funds held $1.1 trillion. Today, thanks to the market collapse and investor departures, assets total $725 billion.

What went wrong? Although the large-cap stocks that dominate the S&P 500 faltered during the 2000-02 bear market, many sectors did well. Stocks of smaller companies and undervalued stocks handily beat the S&P 500. So did foreign stocks -- especially those in emerging markets -- and real estate investment trusts.

In the current bear market, stock pickers have had almost no places to hide. "In 2008, there weren't very many stocks that didn't go down," says Dale Hanks, a vice-president of Capital Research & Management, which runs the American funds. "Everything lost a lot."

What's more, the American funds often hold more in foreign stocks than their competitors. During this bear market, that has been a mistake. The MSCI EAFE, the most popular benchmark of foreign stocks, fell 50% -- seven percentage points more than the S&P -- over the 12 months that ended February 28.

That means funds with a lot of foreign exposure did particularly poorly. Big losers included Fundamental Investors (ANCFX), with 22% in foreign stocks, which fell 44%, and Growth Fund of America, with 16% in foreign stocks, which sank 42%. (With $104 billion in assets, Growth Fund of America is the nation's largest stock fund.) EuroPacifc Growth (AEPGX), American's flagship overseas stock fund, surrendered 45%, beating the EAFE index by five points.

It's one thing for pure (more or less) stock funds to have imploded during this bear market. But what really shook investors was the dismal showing of some lower-risk funds, such as Income Fund of America and Capital Income Builder (CAIBX), also a balanced fund. Both tumbled 34%.

Capital World Growth & Income (CWGIX), a global fund that focuses on dividend-paying stocks, lost 45%. Historically, stocks that pay healthy dividends have held up relatively well in bear markets. But high yielders stank along with everything else because financial companies are disproportionately represented among dividend payers. Most surprisingly, even bonds (other than those backed by Uncle Sam) provided little protection.

And therein lies a story. Most troubling, on a relative basis, are the returns for the firm's bond funds. On average, they lost 6%, but that put them in the bottom 42% among their peers, according to Morningstar. American's fixed-income flagship, Bond Fund of America (ABNDX), lost 13%, putting it in the bottom 17% of intermediate-term bond funds.

Hanks and Chuck Freadhoff, a spokesman for Capital Research, say the firm's intensive research process accounts for the lousy performance of the bond funds. Because of that rigorous research, American's bond funds tend more than their peers to dabble in lower-rated IOUs. Over the past year, the lower a bond's quality, the worse it performed.

The subpar recent results have undermined the long-term records of American's bond funds. Over the past ten years, they are, on average, roughly in the middle of the pack compared with their peers. Bond Fund of America placed in the 71st percentile against its competitors. As the credit markets recover, so will American's fixed-income products, but that doesn't erase the fact that the firm does better with stocks than with bonds.

The long-term results for the stock funds, on the other hand, remain superb. The average American stock fund returned a mere 1% annualized over the past ten years, but that compares with an annualized 3% loss for the S&P 500. On average, American stock funds are in the top 17% of their peer groups over the past decade.

There are plenty of other reasons to feel confident about the American funds, which have been churning out superior returns since the family launched its first fund, in 1934. The funds hold stocks for about four years, on average, minimizing the costs of trading. Annual expenses are low; new no-load Class F2 shares charge about 0.25% less per year than even the low-cost Class A shares charge (of course, the fees for the Class F2 shares come on top of what your adviser charges).

The firm's corporate culture is an important part of the American funds' success. Each manager is responsible for only a slice of a fund and each is responsible for making all the buy and sell decisions for his or her own slices (no single person manages more than $20 billion). But big corporate decisions are made by consensus. American, which employs nearly 200 managers and analysts in offices scattered across the country and around the world, hires new professionals after conducting numerous interviews -- sometimes 20 or more.

Bottom line: Among big fund companies, this one is probably the best in America.

If you invest through a broker or another kind of adviser, it's hard to go wrong with any of the firm's stock and balanced funds. My personal favorites for this market are growth-oriented Fundamental Investors and New World (NEWFX), which invests mainly in emerging markets. However, look elsewhere for bond funds and funds that specialize in small companies. And, of course, if you invest on your own, you're almost always better off investing in no-load funds with low expenses.

Steven T. Goldberg (bio) is an investment adviser.

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