QCDs: Charitable Giving Tool Benefits Giver and Receiver

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published 26 September 2022

Plenty of retirees like to give back to their communities through charitable donations, but questions often arise over the best way to do that.

What approach is efficient, provides the tax benefits you’re after, and also is advantageous for the charity that’s on the receiving end?

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A QCD is a distribution from an IRA that is paid directly from that retirement account to a qualified charity. QCDs lower your adjusted gross income (AGI) and therefore lower your tax bill. They can also offset required minimum distributions (RMDs), those withdrawals you must take from your IRA each year once you reach age 72. An RMD adds to your income, raising the amount of taxes you pay, but a QCD is excluded from your income. So, for example, if you withdrew $50,000 from your IRA as an RMD, you would pay taxes on that money. But if that same $50,000 was used as a QCD instead, you avoid the taxes while helping a charity at the same time.

Taxpayers can benefit from QCDs even when they take the standard deduction and do not itemize their deductions. Meanwhile, even though a QCD doesn’t count as an itemized deduction, taxpayers who itemize still benefit because an exclusion is better than an itemized deduction because it lowers their AGI. AGI is an important number on your tax return because many tax benefits, deductions, credits and other additional taxes or charges are based on AGI. With a lower AGI, income tax on Social Security benefits may be reduced and Medicare surcharges may be lowered. There may be other benefits as well.

The charity you give to must be a 501(c)(3) organization that is eligible to receive tax-deductible contributions. Donor-advised funds, supporting organizations (that is, organizations that give to other public charities), and private foundations are not qualifying charities.
The donor may not receive any benefit for making the distribution to the charity. As examples, the donor may not receive tickets to a charity event, purchase raffle tickets, or buy something in a charity auction.
There is an age requirement involved. The donor must be older than 70½ and may make QCDs before RMDs are required, which happens beginning at age 72.
The maximum annual QCD is $100,000 per person, not per IRA. A husband and wife can each make up to a $100,000 QCD only if the money comes out of their own IRA.
The QCD must be a direct transfer from the IRA to the charity. Preferably, the IRA administrator would cut the check. It is not permissible for the IRA administrator to pay the IRA owner and for the owner to then write a personal check to the charity.
QCDs are available from IRAs and inherited IRAs. QCDs also can be made from SEP IRAs and SIMPLE IRAs, but only if those IRAs are inactive, meaning that the SEP or SIMPLE IRA owner is no longer making contributions to these accounts. Additionally, only pre-tax IRA funds qualify. As a result, most Roth IRA funds won’t qualify because your contributions to them were not pre-tax. QCDs also cannot be made from employer plans, such as a 401(k).
Taxpayers should notify their tax preparer that they made a QCD because the 1099 issued by the custodian does not specify a QCD; it only shows that a distribution was made from the IRA. If the QCD is not referred to on the tax return, the taxpayer loses the tax break.
A required minimum distribution can be offset by a QCD (up to $100,000). However, the timing of a QCD is important in this case. The first dollars withdrawn from an IRA each year are counted toward the RMD. You cannot retroactively claim that money already distributed from an IRA was actually QCD funds. Said another way, once an RMD is taken, that income cannot be offset with a future QCD. It is therefore generally recommended that QCDs be done early in the year, particularly if IRA distributions are made monthly or quarterly.

Disclaimer

This article was written by and presents the views of our contributing adviser, not the Kiplinger editorial staff. You can check adviser records with the SEC or with FINRA.

As president of Charles W. Rawl & Associates, LLC, Charlie Rawl has distinguished himself as a troubleshooter by implementing creative solutions to complex financial problems. He has passed the Series 6, 7, 31, 63 and 65 securities exams and holds life insurance licenses in more than a dozen states.