Keep More of Your Retirement Savings with Tax-Bracket Planning

If you’re like most people planning for retirement, your focus for years has been on growing your nest egg — accumulating as much as you can so you can live comfortably and without worry.

But if that’s as far it goes, your plan is flawed. Because it isn’t just about how much money you have saved for retirement, it’s also how much you get to keep after taxes. To optimize your savings, it’s important to build a tax-efficient portfolio with:

1. Tax-efficient investments — investments that offer the lowest tax burdens relative to their interest or dividend income;
2. Tax-efficient withdrawal strategies — differently taxed accounts you can pull from that offer flexibility for income purposes; and
3. Tax-efficient planning— adopting a long-term tax plan, the focus of which is to lower taxes over your entire retirement, not in any given year.

Don’t Pay 3 Times Too Much in Taxes

It’s not that people aren’t worried about taxes. I hear from clients and prospective clients all the time who believe higher taxes are inevitable, and their taxes will continue to go up in retirement. In my opinion, most retirees should only be required to pay an average federal income tax rate of 8% to 10%. However, taxpayers who fail to effectively plan for distributions from IRAs or other qualified plan distributions could easily pay three times this tax rate on their investment earnings.

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But that doesn’t have to happen. When you stop working, you have some control over how much income you pay yourself — and because your spending needs may be less, you can likely keep that amount low. You just have to manage your income sources effectively to get the most tax efficiency over your lifetime.

Take Control of Your Tax Bracket

The key is “tax-bracket control,” which, for most retirees, means staying within the 15% tax bracket for the rest of their lives. Of course, effective tax planning must start with your first year of retirement, so don’t immediately assume your tax plan is perfect if you fail to “fill” the entire 15% tax bracket in your early retirement years.

Let me elaborate. For 2019, the 12% bracket tops out at $78,950 in taxable income for joint filers. But you get to add your standard deduction to that ($24,400 for those under 65; for those 65 and up it’s a little more). Add all that up and you’re right around $103,350.

The goal is to “fill” every retirement year with taxable income up to the $103,350 mark (for joint filers) even if you do not need that “income.” The retiree has now converted qualified money, or pre-tax dollars, into nonqualified money, or savings accounts for which taxes have been paid. Further, the retiree has done this at a very low tax rate. Finally, the growth associated with these accounts will no longer be taxed. Let me give you an example.

An Example to Show How Filling the Bracket Works

Let’s say you retire at 60. You have no Social Security income yet and only a small pension, so your taxable income is just $20,000 or $30,000. You still can take that 15% tax bracket to the limit, and you should consider doing so — perhaps by using a Roth conversion strategy and distributing pre-tax dollars set aside in a traditional IRA or 401(k) directly to a Roth IRA account. You’ll fill the bracket with taxable income from the distribution, the assets in the Roth IRA can grow tax-free, and you’ve just minimized the chances that an excessive required minimum distribution will push you out of that 15% bracket in the future.

What happens if you need more than $103,350 of income?

• That universal life insurance policy you own? You can withdraw cash on a tax-free basis in the form of loans, though doing so will reduce the policy value.
• The equity in your home? You can take out a home equity line of credit, or HELOC, and the interest is tax deductible.
• Your Social Security? You probably think your filing strategy is all about maximizing your income — but deferring your benefits also can serve as a component of a greater tax strategy.

Now, remember what I wrote about people telling me all the time that they’re worried about their taxes going up? Guess how many prospective clients come into my office with a tax-efficient retirement plan? I’m a financial adviser for the wealthy specializing in retirement income, and I would say fewer than 2%.

Make Sure Your Adviser Has Tax-Planning Skills

And it’s no wonder. Being tax-efficient is a skill that needs to be continually monitored and adjusted so it can be maximized annually. Unless you’re studying the tax code and doing this on a daily basis for multiple people, it can be complicated stuff. So financial professionals need to increase their own tax knowledge before they can bring it to their clients.

If you’re currently looking for an adviser, ask about their experience working with taxes during your interviews. If you have an adviser you like and trust, ask what he or she is doing to build tax efficiency into your portfolio, or if there’s a tax professional on the team.

Either way, make tax planning a priority so you can keep more of that nest egg you’ve worked so hard to grow.

Kim Franke-Folstad contributed to this article.