Attention taxpayers who fall in 10% and 15% federal tax brackets ... and that’s most of you: If you own stocks, mutual funds or other investments in a taxable account, it’s critically important to review your portfolio before the end of the year. If you have unrealized long-term capital gains – which are built-up profits on investments you have owned more than one year – selling before the markets close on December 30 could wipe out the tax bill on those gains.
If you miss the deadline, the tax-free deal could disappear if President-elect Trump and the Republican-led Congress enact the plan that is currently at the heart of the tax-reform debate.
Under current law, long-term gains get gentle treatment. While wages can be taxed at a rate as high as 39.6% and interest and short-term gains can be hit even harder (with the IRS taking up to 43.4%), the rate on long-term gains tops out at 23.4%. And, more to the point here, taxpayers in the 10% and 15% brackets pay the sweetest tax rate of all – 0% – on their long-term profits.
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President-elect Trump has said he’d like to keep taxation of capital gains as it is now, but as he’s added details to his plans he’s increasingly supportive of a package proposed by House Ways and Means Chairman Kevin Brady. Among other things, that plan collapses the current seven-bracket system (with a low of 10% and a high of 39.6%) down to three: 12%, 25% and 33%.
But there’s no 0% gain for anybody. Instead, for all taxpayers, 50% of long-term gains would be ignored when toting up taxable income. That would effectively cut the rate on long-term gains in half: to 16.5% at the top, 6% at the bottom.
Six percent ain’t bad ... but it’s a lot more than today’s 0%.
Still time to act
If you qualify for the 0% rate and sell by December 30 (the markets are closed on New Year’s Eve because it’s a Saturday), you can make sure you lock in this break, regardless of what happens with tax reform next year.
So, who qualifies? That depends on your taxable income. If it is below the top of the 15% bracket for your filing status, the door is open for 0% gains.
For singles, the 15% bracket tops out at $37,650. For marrieds, the cap is twice that amount, $75,300. Remember, taxable income is income after subtracting exemptions and deductions. That means the total income ceiling for singles is at least $44,350 and, for marrieds, it’s $96,000. The total income levels are even higher for those who itemize deductions and for taxpayers age 65 and older.
Here’s how it works. Let’s say a married couple will have taxable income of $60,000 for 2016. Since that’s $15,300 less than the top of their 15% bracket, they could realize as much as $15,300 in long-term gains before the end of the year without adding one penny to their tax bill.
It can make sense to sell to lock in the 0% rate even if you want to hold on to the stock, say, or mutual fund. You can buy the shares back and reset your tax basis at the current value. That means only appreciation from this point forward could be taxed. (There is no “wash sale” rule when it comes to selling profitable investments. That rule, which denies deduction of a loss if you buy back the same or substantially similar investment within 30 days, applies only to sales for a loss.) If a year-end sale pushes your taxable income above the top of the 15% bracket, gain that falls in the 25% bracket would be taxed at 15%.
A few caveats
Although the 0% rate can apply to long-term gains, the amount will still show up in your adjusted gross income, which could result in increasing the amount of Social Security benefits subject to tax or, in rare cases, reducing deductions such as the medical and miscellaneous expense write-offs, which are subject to income thresholds. Also, the gains taxed at 0% by the feds will be taxed by your state if it has an income tax.
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