Deciding whether to buy or keep a fund that was once a top performer can be tricky. Besides all the normal factors to consider, you may have to sort through some emotional baggage. If the fund made you money in the past, you may be biased toward it even though it may be under new management and look much different than it once did.
In the best cases, star funds remain stars -- if not forever, at least for decades. Among funds in that small category are American Funds Growth Fund of America, Fidelity Contrafund, T. Rowe Price Equity Income and Vanguard Wellington. But many other onetime luminaries have sagged, lagged or gagged because their management or strategies changed.
Before I'll consider buying into a blast from the past, a fund must pass two tests. First, the current manager must hold a significant stake. If a manager doesn't have the conviction to invest at least $1 million in his fund, I'm not buying. You can find this data (within wide dollar ranges) in a fund's statement of additional information, which most fund companies include on their Web sites, or at Morningstar.com.
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Managers' reluctance to eat their own cooking disqualifies some high-profile funds. Neither of American Century Ultra's managers, Keith Lee and Michael Li, has more than $50,000 in the fund, so it's out. Harry Lange has only between $500,000 and $1 million in Fidelity Magellan five years after taking the helm, so Magellan's out, too. Ditto for John Roth at Fidelity New Millennium and James Mordy at Vanguard Windsor: Both have chalked up good numbers but haven't yet crossed the $1-million investment threshold.
The second test is that current managers must have outperformed their benchmark -- not necessarily by a huge amount -- since taking over the fund. Being promoted to run a big, prominent fund is a challenge, and I want to know that the manager can succeed in making the jump from managing, say, $1 billion to running $10 billion. Ultra and Magellan fail this test, too.
Janus Overseas (symbol JAOSX) passes both tests. I know, I know. The very name Janus makes some people recoil because of past indiscretions and disastrous performance at some of its funds after the collapse of the technology bubble in the early 2000s. But the folks responsible for Janus's involvement in the rapid-trading scandal are gone, as are most of those who stank in the 2000-02 bear market. Brent Lynn, the current manager of Janus Overseas, came to the fund at the beginning of 2001, roughly in the middle of the bear market. However, he didn't become lead manager until Helen Young Hayes left in 2003. Whether you start the tape at 2001 or 2003, Lynn has produced great returns, although the fund did get clobbered in 2008.
Lynn has continued the fund's aggressive-growth strategy, with heavy investments in India and other emerging markets. If the fund were run by Lynn and named Lynn Overseas, you'd probably be intrigued, so don't let the Janus name scare you away.
Fidelity Dividend Growth (FDGFX) is another former winner that deserves a close look. Larry Rakers has just two years at its helm, but he performed brilliantly at Fidelity Balanced, which held about the same amount in stocks as Dividend Growth's total assets. So there's little question that Rakers can handle the added girth.
The fund languished under the previous manager, Charles Mangum, who favored stocks of huge companies. Rakers, by contrast, invests in companies of all sizes. In 2009, his first full year as manager of Dividend Growth, the fund sizzled, gaining 51%. Despite this and Rakers's fine long-term record, investors are not rushing to pour money into Dividend Growth. That's one perk of buying once-great funds that are scrubbed off investors' lists. They're unlikely to drown in a flood of new cash anytime soon.
Columnist Russel Kinnel is director of mutual fund research for Morningstar and editor of its monthly FundInvestor newsletter.
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